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Journal of Integrative Medicine ›› 2025, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (5): 502-518.doi: 10.1016/j.joim.2025.05.002

• Clinical Practice Guidelines • Previous Articles     Next Articles

International clinical practice guideline on the use of traditional Chinese medicine for functional dyspepsia (2025)

Sheng-sheng Zhang a, Lu-qing Zhao a, Xiao-hua Hou b, Zhao-xiang Bian c, Jian-hua Zheng d, Hai-he Tian e, Guan-hu Yang f, Won-sook Hong g, Yu-ying He h, Li Liu i, Hong Shen j, Yan-ping Li k, Sheng Xie l, Jin Shu m, Bin-fang Zeng n, Jun-xiang Li o, Zhen Liu p, Zheng-hua Xiao q, Jing-dong Xiao r, Pei-yong Zheng s, Shao-gang Huang t, Sheng-liang Chen u, Gui-jun Fei v#br#   

  1. a. Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100010, China
    b. Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022 Hubei Province, China
    c. Chinese Medicine Clinical Study Center, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
    d. Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture Society of Australia Ltd, Sydney 2166, Australia
    e. American TCM Association (ATCMA), Vienna, VA 22182, USA
    f. Department of Specialty Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
    g. Shanghai Hechuan-Rhine TCM Hospital, Shanghai 200240, China
    h. Yuying TCM Clinic, Paya Lebar Square, S409051, Singapore
    i. College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046 Shaanxi Province, China
    j. Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029 Jiangsu Province, Chinak k. Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400000, China l. Department of Administration, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
    m. Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730050 Gansu Province, China
    n. College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
    o. Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
    p. Department of Gastroenterology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
    q. Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550003 Guizhou Province, China
    r. Department of Digestive Diseases, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110032 Liaoning Province, China
    s. Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
    t. State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120 Guangdong Province, China
    u. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
    v. Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
  • Received:2024-11-28 Accepted:2025-05-10 Online:2025-09-15 Published:2025-05-11

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Functional dyspepsia (FD), characterized by persistent or recurrent dyspeptic symptoms without identifiable organic, systemic or metabolic causes, is an increasingly recognized global health issue. The objective of this guideline is to equip clinicians and nursing professionals with evidence-based strategies for the management and treatment of adult patients with FD using traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The Guideline Development Group consulted existing TCM consensus documents on FD and convened a panel of 35 clinicians to generate initial clinical queries. To address these queries, a systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP Database, China Biology Medicine (SinoMed) Database, Wanfang Database, Traditional Medicine Research Data Expanded (TMRDE), and the Traditional Chinese Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System (TCMLARS). The evidence from the literature was critically appraised using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. The strength of the recommendations was ascertained through a consensus-building process involving TCM and allopathic medicine experts, methodologists, pharmacologists, nursing specialists, and health economists, leveraging their collective expertise and empirical knowledge. The guideline comprises a total of 43 evidence-informed recommendations that span a range of clinical aspects, including the pathogenesis according to TCM, diagnostic approaches, therapeutic interventions, efficacy assessments, and prognostic considerations.

Key words: Functional dyspepsia, Guideline, Traditional Chinese medicine

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