[an error occurred while processing this directive]

Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine ›› 2011, Vol. 9 ›› Issue (9): 1022-1030.doi: 10.3736/jcim20110914

• Original Experimental Research • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Simultaneous determination of quercetin, rutin and kaempferol in the leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera Lam. and Raphinus sativus Linn. by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Venkatapura C. Devaraj1(), Burdipad G. Krishna2, Gollapalle L. Viswanatha3#br#   

  1. 1. Department of Pharmacology, Bioneeds Laboratory Animals and Preclinical Services, Bangalore 562111， India
    2. Department of Pharmacognosy, R. R College of Pharmacy, Bangalore 560090, India
    3. Department of Pharmacology, Peopled Education Society College of Pharmacy, Bangalore 560050, India
  • Received:2011-04-23 Accepted:2011-06-26 Online:2011-09-20 Published:2011-09-15
  • Contact: C. Devaraj Venkatapura E-mail:devcology@yahoo.com

RichHTML

3

PDF (PC)

228

Like

Objective: To develop a rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method to analyze quercetin (QU), rutin (RU) and kaempferol (KA) simultaneously in the leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera Lam. and Raphinus sativus Linn. 
Methods: Samples were prepared by extracting the leaves of the M. oleifera and R. sativus by cold-maceration technique using 90% ethanol. Chromatographic separation was operated with a mixture of 0.2% formic acid in water and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min on a Phenomenex Gemini C18 column with a total run time of 5.01 min. 
Results: The MS/MS ion transitions monitored were 303.03 to 153.1 for QU, 611.1 to 303.1 for RU, 287.1 to 153.2 for KA and 180.1 to 110.1 for internal standard. The lower limit of quantitation achieved for QU, RU and KA was 5 ng/mL and the linearity was observed from 5 to 2 000 ng/mL. The correlation coefficients of linear regression analysis were 0.9946, 0.9951 and 0.9969 for QU, RU and KA, respectively. 
Conclusion: The results indicate that the LC-MS/MS method is fast and sensitive and may provide excellent specificity for simultaneous determination of QU, RU and KA in leaf extracts of M. oleifera and R. sativus.

Key words: Moringa oleifera, Raphinus sativus, plant extracts, quercetin, rutin, kaempferol, chromatography, liquid, tandem mass spectrometry

Figure 1

Structures of quercetin, rutin and kaempferol"

Figure 2

Typical multiple reaction monitoring chromatograms of quercetin (left panel) and internal standard (right panel) in a) mobile phase, b) reference standard, c) Raphinus sativus leaf extract, and d) Moringa oleifera leaf extract"

Figure 3

Typical multiple reaction monitoring chromatograms of rutin (left panel) and internal standard (right panel) in a) mobile phase, b) reference standard, c) Raphinus sativus leaf extract, and d) Moringa oleifera leaf extract"

Figure 4

Typical multiple reaction monitoring chromatograms of kaempferol (left panel) and internal standard (right panel) in a) mobile phase, b) reference standard, c) Raphinus sativus leaf extract, and d) Moringa oleifera leaf extract"

Figure 5

Representative spectra of product ion of quercetin"

Figure 6

Representative spectra of product ion of rutin"

Figure 7

Representative spectra of product ion of kaempferol"

[1] Harborne JB . Nature, distribution and function of plant flavonoids[J]. Prog Clin Biol Res, 1986,213:15-24
pmid: 3520585
[2] Robards K, Prenzler PD, Tucker G, Swatsitang P, Glover W . Phenolic compounds and their role in oxidative processes in fruits[J]. Food Chem, 1999,66(4):401-436
doi: 10.1016/S0308-8146(99)00093-X
[3] Nikolic KM . Theoretical study of phenolic antioxidants properties in reaction with oxygen-centered radicals[J]. J Mol Struct, 2006,774(1-3):95-105
doi: 10.1016/j.theochem.2006.07.017
[4] Tapas AR, Sakarkar DM, Kakde RB . Flavonoids as nutraceuticals: a review[J]. Trop J Pharm Res, 2008,7(3):1089-1099
doi: 10.4314/tjpr.v7i3.14693
[5] Ververidis F, Trantas E, Douglas C, Vollmer G, Kretzschmar G, Panopoulos N . Biotechnology of flavonoids and other phenylpropanoid-derived natural products. Part Ⅱ: Reconstruction of multienzyme pathways in plants and microbes[J]. Biotechnol J, 2007,2(10):1235-1249
doi: 10.1002/biot.v2:10
[6] Ezeamuzie IC, Ambakederemo AW, Shode FO, Ekwebelem SC . Antiinflammatory effects of Moringa oleifera root extract[J]. Pharm Biol, 1996,34(3):207-212
doi: 10.1076/phbi.34.3.207.13211
[7] Caceres A, Cabrera O, Morales O, Mollinedo P, Mendia P . Pharmacological properties of Moringa oleifera. 1: Preliminary screening for antimicrobial activity[J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 1991,33(3):213-216
doi: 10.1016/0378-8741(91)90078-R
[8] Pari L, Kumar NA . Hepatoprotective activity of Moringa oleifera on antitubercular drug-induced liver damage in rats[J]. J Med Food, 2002,5(3):171-177
doi: 10.1089/10966200260398206
[9] Guevara AP, Vargas C, Sakurai H, Fujiwara Y, Hashimoto K, Maoka T, Kozuka M, Ito Y, Tokuda H, Nishino H . An antitumor promoter from Moringa oleifera Lam[J]. Mutat Res, 1999,440(2):181-188
doi: 10.1016/S1383-5718(99)00025-X pmid: 10209341
[10] Kar A, Choudhary BK, Bandyopadhyay NG . Comparative evaluation of hypoglycaemic activity of some Indian medicinal plants in alloxan diabetic rats[J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2003,84(1):105-108
doi: 10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00144-7
[11] Devaraj VC, Asad M, Prasad S . Effect of leaves and fruits of Moringa oleifera on gastric and duodenal ulcers[J]. Pharm Biol, 2007,45(4):332-338
doi: 10.1080/13880200701212924
[12] Gilani AH, Aftab K, Suria A, Siddiqui S, Salem R, Siddiqui BS, Faizi S . Pharmacological studies on hypotensive and spasmolytic activities of pure compounds from Moringa oleifera[J]. Phytother Res, 1994,8(2):87-91
doi: 10.1002/(ISSN)1099-1573
[13] Goyal BR, Agrawal BB, Goyal RK, Mehta AA . Phyto-pharmacology of Moringa oleifera Lam. — an overview[J]. Indian J Nat Prod Resour, 2007,6(4):347-353
[14] Gilani AH, Ghayur MN . Pharmacological basis for the gut stimulatory activity of Raphanus sativus leaves[J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2004,95(2-3):169-172
doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.06.038 pmid: 15507331
[15] Rifat-uz-Zaman, Ahmad M . Evaluation of hepatoprotective effects of Raphanas sativus L[J]. J Biol Sci, 2004,4(4):463-469
doi: 10.3923/jbs.2004.463.469
[16] Rifat-uz-Zaman. Study of cardioprotective activity of Raphanus sativus L. in the rabbits[J]. Pak J Biol Sci, 2004,7(5):843-847
doi: 10.3923/pjbs.2004.843.847
[17] Barillari J, Cervellati R, Costa S, Guerra MC, Speroni E, Utan A, Iori R . Antioxidant and choleretic properties of Raphanus sativus L. sprout(Kaiware Daikon) extract[J]. J Agric Food Chem, 2006,54(26):9773-9778
doi: 10.1021/jf061838u
[18] Vargas R, Perez RM, Perez S, Zavala MA, Perez C . Antiurolithiatic activity of Raphanus sativus aqueous extract on rats[J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 1999,68(1-3):335-338
doi: 10.1016/S0378-8741(99)00105-1 pmid: 10624898
[19] Gutierrez RM, Perez RL . Raphanus sativus(radish): their chemistry and biology[J]. ScientificWorldJournal, 2004,4:811-837
doi: 10.1100/tsw.2004.131 pmid: 15452648
[20] Lunte SM . Structural classification of flavonoids in beverages by liquid chromatography with ultraviolet-visible and electrochemical detection[J]. J Chromatogr, 1987,384:371-382
doi: 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)94684-9
[21] Nagel CW . Application of high performance liquid chromatography to analysis of flavonoids and phenyl propenoids[J]. Cereal Chem, 1985,62(2):144-147
[22] Jain A, Lodhi S, Singhai AK . Simultaneous estimation of quercetin and rutin in Tephrosia purpurea Pers by high performance thin-layer chromatography[J]. Asian J Tradit Med, 2009,4(3):104-109
[23] Nayak PS, Upadhyay A, Dwivedi SK, Rao S . Quantitative determination of phyllanthin in Phyllanthus amarus by high-performance thin layer chromatography[J]. BLACPMA, 2010,9(5):353-358
[24] Mellon FA, Bennett RN, Holst B, Williamson G . Intact glucosinolate analysis in plant extracts by programmed cone voltage electrospray LC/MS: performance and comparison with LC/MS/MS methods[J]. Anal Biochem, 2002,306(1):83-91
doi: 10.1006/abio.2002.5677
[25] Song L, Morrison JJ, Botting NP, Thornalley PJ . Analysis of glucosinolates, isothiocyanates, and amine degradation products in vegetable extracts and blood plasma by LC-MS/MS[J]. Anal Biochem, 2005,347(2):234-243
doi: 10.1016/j.ab.2005.09.040
[26] Tian Q, Rosselot RA, Schwartz SJ . Quantitative determination of intact glucosinolates in broccoli, broccoli sprouts, Brussels sprouts, and cauliflower by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Anal Biochem, 2005,343(1):93-99
doi: 10.1016/j.ab.2005.04.045
[1] Dhirender Kaushik, Ajay Kumar, Pawan Kaushik, Avatar C. Rana. Anticonvulsant activity of alcoholic extract of bark of Pinus roxburghii Sarg. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(9): 1056-1060.
[2] Chan Chen, Chang-xun Chen, Xi-min Wu, Rui Wang, Yi-ming Li. Effects of extracts of Radix Scrophulariae on blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats and the underlying mechanisms. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(9): 1009-1017.
[3] Samuel Joshua Pragasam, Vachana Murunikara, Evan Prince Sabina, Mahaboobkhan Rasool. Antiperoxidative potential of p-coumaric acid, a common dietary phenol, in adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(8): 932-938.
[4] Hong Wang , Jing-tian Ou , Xin Zhao , Ying Guoz , Hao-ping Mao. Vasodilator effect of oroxylin A on thoracic aorta isolated from rats. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(8): 880-885.
[5] C. Mouli Kalla, Vijaya Tartte, Dattatreya Rao Sirpurkar. Effectiveness of flavonoid-rich leaf extract of Acalypha indica in reversing experimental myocardial ischemia: biochemical and histopathological evidence. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(7): 784-792.
[6] Fu-feng Li, Jie Zhao, Peng Qian, Yi-qin Wang, Jing-jing Fu, Zhu-mei Sun, Hai-xia Yan, Li Yang. Metabolite changes in the greasy tongue coating of patients with chronic gastritis. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(7): 757-765.
[7] Hui-qing Zhang , Zi-fei Yin , Jia-yu Sheng , Zhu-qian Jiang , Bao-yu Wu , Yong-hua Su. A comparison study of pharmacokinetics between bufalin-loaded bovine serum albumin nanoparticles and bufalin in rats. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(6): 674-680.
[8] Surendra Kr. Sharma, Naveen Goyal. Protective effect of Heliotropium eichwaldi against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in mice. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(5): 555-560.
[9] Yue-hua Wang, Xiao-li He, Xiao-xiu Li, Hai-lin Qin, Guan-hua Du . Effects of the effective component group of Chinese herbal medicine Xiaoxuming Decoction on brain mitochondria in rats with chronic cerebral ischemia. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(5): 569-576.
[10] V. Patil Vikas, C. Bhangale Shandavi, J. Chaudhari Prashant, P. Chaudhari Kundan, T. Kakade Rajanikant, M. Thakare Vinod, G. Bonde Chandrakant, R. Patil Vijay. Evaluation of the antidiarrheal activity of the plant extracts of Ficus species. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(3): 347-352.
[11] Dhiman Anju, Nanda Arun, Ahmad Sayeed. A recent update in research on the antihepatotoxic potential of medicinal plants. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(2): 117-127.
[12] Mao Zhi-min, Song Hai-yan, Yang Li-li, Liu Tao, Li Dong-fei, Zheng Pei-yong, Liu Ping, Ji Guang. Effects of the mixture of Swertia pseudochinensis Hara and Silybum marianum Gaertn extracts on CCl4-induced liver injury in rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(2): 193-199.
[13] Rahmatullah Mohammed, Kanij Hasan Sumaiyah, Ali Zulfiquar, Rahman Shahnaz, Jahan Rownak. Antihyperglycemic and antinociceptive activities of methanolic extract of Euphorbia thymifolia L. whole plants. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(2): 228-232.
[14] Arul Raj Chinthamony, Sophia Dominic, Ragavendran Paramasivam, Starlin Thangarajan, Ahalliya Rathi Muthian, Kanniappan Gopalakrishnan Velliyur. Leaf extract of Alpinia purpurata (Vieill.) K. Schum screened for its phytochemical constituents and antibacterial and anticancer activities. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(12): 1460-1464.
[15] Mukherjee Avinaba, Sikdar Sourav, Bishayee Kausik, Paul Avijit, Ghosh Samrat, Boujedaini Naoual, Rahman Khuda-Bukhsh Anisur. Ethanolic extract of Thuja occidentalis blocks proliferation of A549 cells and induces apoptosis in vitro. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(12): 1451-1459.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
[1] Wei-xiong Liang. Problems-solving strategies in clinical treatment guideline for traditional Chinese medicine and integrative medicine. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2008, 6(1): 1-4
[2] Zhao-guo Li. Discussion on English translation of commonly used sentences in traditional Chinese medicine: part one. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2008, 6(1): 107-110
[3] Jun Hu, Jian-ping Liu. Non-invasive physical treatments for chronic/recurrent headache. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2008, 6(1): 31
[4] Xue-mei Liu, Qi-fu Huang, Yun-ling Zhang, Jin-li Lou, Hong-sheng Liu, Hong Zheng. Effects of Tribulus terrestris L. saponion on apoptosis of cortical neurons induced by hypoxia-reoxygenation in rats. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2008, 6(1): 45-50
[5] . Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals: Writing and editing for biomedical publication (Chinese version, part two). Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2010, 8(11): 1001-1005
[6] Daniel Weber, Janelle M Wheat, Geoffrey M Currie. Inflammation and cancer: Tumor initiation, progression and metastasis,and Chinese botanical medicines. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2010, 8(11): 1006-1013
[7] Hong Liu , Guo-liang Zhang, Li Shen , Zhen Zeng, Bao-luo Zhou, Cheng-hai Liu, Guang Nie . Application and evaluation of a pseudotyped virus assay for screening herbs for anti-H5Nl avian influenza virus. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2010, 8(11): 1036-1040
[8] Zhao-guo Li . A discussion of English translation of 1995 and 1997 Chinese National Standards of Traditional Chinese Medical Terminologies for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2010, 8(11): 1090-1096
[9] Rui Jin, Bing Zhang. A complexity analysis of Chinese herbal property theory: the multiple formations of herbal property (Part 1). Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(11): 1198-1205
[10] Hui-min Liu, Xian-bo Wang, Yu-juan Chang, Li-li Gu. Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of integrative medicine therapy for treatment of chronic severe hepatitis. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(11): 1211-1228
[an error occurred while processing this directive]