传统苦味药用植物苦郎树

doi:10.3736/jcim20100602

Abstract

Clerodendrum phlomidis Linn. f., (syn. Clerodendrum multiflorum (Burm.f) O. Kuntze, Volkameria multiflorum Burm. f.) (Lamiaceae) is an important and well known medicinal plant extensively used in Ayurveda and Siddha system of medicine for treatment of various ailments. The popular therapies include on inflammation, diabetes, nervous disorder, asthma, rheumatism, digestive disorders, and urinary disorders as well as a bitter tonic. It was reported that pectolinaringenin, scutellarein, clerodin, clerodendrin, clerosterol, 24β-ethylcholesta-5,22E,25-triene-3β-ol, lup-20(29)-en-3-triacontanoate, 4,2′,4′-trihydroxy-6′-methoxychalcone-4,4′α-D-diglucoside, 7-hydroxyflavone, 7-hydroxyflavanone-7-O-glucoside and α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)α-D-glucopyranosyl-7-O-naringin-4′-O-α-D-glucopyranoside-5-methyl ether had been isolated from this plant. The alcoholic and aqueous extracts were reported active as analgesic, antidiarrhoeal, antiplasmodial, hypoglycemic, minor tranquilizers, anti-asthmatic, antifungal, nematicidal, anti-amnestic and anti-arthritic. There are coincidences between some of the traditional usages of this plant and experimentally observed effects of the extracts but very few biological studies available on bioactive fractions and/or pure compounds. This review is an attempt to compile the exhaustive literature on Clerodendrum phlomidis, to highlight, analyze and critically assess the pharmaceutical potential of this underestimated plant in a systematic way.

Key words: Clerodendrum phlomidis , Bitters, Review literature, Medicine, Ayurvedic

Muthu Kumaradoss MOHAN MARUGA RAJA, Shri Hari MISHRA. Comprehensive review of Clerodendrum phlomidis: A traditionally used bitter. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2010, 8(6): 510-524.

/ / Recommend

Add to citation manager EndNote| Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

URL: http://www.jcimjournal.com/EN/10.3736/jcim20100602

http://www.jcimjournal.com/EN/Y2010/V8/I6/510

[1]	Patwardhan B . Ethnopharmacology and drug discovery[J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2005,100(1-2):50-52 doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.06.006
[2]	Moldenke HN . A fifth summary of Verbenaceae, Avicenniaceae, Stillbaceae, Dicrastylidaceae, Nymphoremaceae, Nyctanthaceae, and Eriocaneaceae of the world as to valid taxa, geographic distribution and synonymy.Vol Ⅰ[M]. Michigan: Brawn-Brumfield Inc, 1971: 312-314
[3]	Munir AA . A taxonomic revision of the genus Clerodendrum L.(Verbenaceae) in Australia[J]. J Adel Bot Gard, 1989,11(2):101-173
[4]	Verdcourt B . Verbenaceae[M]. Rotterdam/Brookfield: Balkema, 1992: 84
[5]	Hsiao JY, Lin ML . A chemotaxonomic study of essential oils from the leaves of genus Clerodendrum(Verbenaceae) native to Taiwan[J]. Bot Bull Acad Sin, 1995,36(4):247-251
[6]	Steane DA, Scotland RW, Mabberley DJ, Wagstaff SJ, Reeves PA, Olmstead RG . Phylogenetic relationships of Clerodendrum s.l.(Lamiaceae) inferred from chloroplast DNA[J]. Syst Bot, 1997,22(2):229-243 doi: 10.2307/2419455
[7]	Westman DJ . Plantae baccatae[M].Leiden: Batavorum, 1744:59-61
[8]	De Necker NJ . Plasyrgophytorum[M]. Paris: Bibliopol, 1970: 359-389
[9]	Steane DA, De Kok RPJ, Olmstead RG . Phylogenetic relationships between Clerodendrum(Lamiaceae) and other Ajugoid genera inferred from nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequence data[J]. Mol Phylogenet Evol, 2004,32(1):39-45 doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2003.11.011
[10]	Stenzel E, Heni J, Rimpler H, Vogellehner D . Phenetic relationships in Clerodendrum(Verbenaceae) and some phylogenetic considerations[J]. Plant Syst Evol, 1988,159(3-4):257-271 doi: 10.1007/BF00935977
[11]	Cantino PD . Evidence for a polyphyletic origin of the Labiatae[J]. Ann Miss Bot Gard, 1992,79(22):361-379 doi: 10.2307/2399774
[12]	Rimpler H, Winterhalter C, Falk U . Cladistic analysis of the subfamily Caryopteridoideae Briq. and related taxa of Verbenaceae and Lamiaceae using morphological and chemical characters[M]. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens, 1992: 39-54
[13]	Steane DA, Scotland RW, Mabberley DJ, Olmstead RG . Molecular systematics of Clerodendrum(Lamiaceae): ITS sequences and total evidence[J]. Am J Bot, 1999,86(1):98-107 doi: 10.2307/2656958
[14]	Subramanian SS, Nair AGR, Vedantham TNC .( 24S)-ethylcholesta-5,22,25-triene-3β-ol from four Clerodendron species[J]. Phytochemistry, 1973,12(8):2078-2079 doi: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)91554-1
[15]	Akihisa T, Matsubara Y, Ghosh P, Thakur S, Tamura T, Matsumoto T . Sterols of some Clerodendrum species(verbenaceae): occurrence of the 24α- and 24β-epimers of 24-ethylsterols lacking a Δ25-bond[J]. Steroids, 1989,53(3-5):625-638 doi: 10.1016/0039-128X(89)90036-6
[16]	Yang H, Wang J, Hou AJ, Guo YP, Lin ZW, Sun HD . New steroids from Clerodendrum colebrookianum[J]. Fitoterapia, 2000,71(6):641-648 doi: 10.1016/S0367-326X(00)00223-9
[17]	Kumari GNK, Balachandran J, Aravind S, Ganesh MR . Antifeedant and growth inhibitory effects of some neo-clerodane diterpenoids isolated from Clerodendron species(Verbenaceae) on Earias vitella and Spodoptera litura[J]. J Agric Food Chem, 2003,51(6):1555-1559 doi: 10.1021/jf025920a
[18]	Pandey R, Verma RK, Gupta MM . Neo-clerodane diterpenoids from Clerodendrum inerme[J]. Phytochemistry, 2005,66(6):643-648 doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.11.007
[19]	Rangaswami S, Sarangan S . Sapogenins of Clerodendron serratum: constitution of a new pentacyclic triterpene acid, serratagenic acid[J]. Tetrahedron, 1969,25(17):3701-3705 doi: 10.1016/S0040-4020(01)82903-3
[20]	Ganapaty S, Rao DV . Triterpenoids of the stem bark of Cleodendron nerifolium[J]. Indian J Pharm Sci, 1985,47(4):167-168
[21]	Jacke G, Rimpler H . Distribution of iridoid glycosides in Clerodendrum species[J]. Phytochemistry, 1983,22(8):1729-1734 doi: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)80260-5
[22]	Wei XM, Zhu QX, Chen JC, Cheng DL . Two new iridoid glucosides from Clerodendrum serratum[J]. Chin Chem Lett, 2000,11(5):415-416
[23]	Yang H, Hou AJ, Mei SX, Peng LY, Sun HD . A new phenylpropanoid glycoside: serratumoside A from Clerodendrum serratum[J]. Chin Chem Lett, 2000,11(4):323-326
[24]	Kim HJ, Woo ER, Shin CG, Hwang DJ, Park H, Lee YS . HIV-1 integrase inhibitory phenylpropanoid glycosides from Clerodendron trichotomum[J]. Arch Pharm Res, 2001,24(4):286-291 doi: 10.1007/BF02975093
[25]	Vendantham TNC, Subramanian SS, Harborne JB . 4′-methylscutellarein and pectolinarigenin from Clerodendron inerme[J]. Phytochemistry, 1977,16(2):294-295 doi: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)86814-4
[26]	Sinha NK, Seth KK, Pandey VB, Dasgupta B, Shah AH . Flavonoids from the flowers of Clerodendron infortunatum[J]. Planta Med, 1981,42(7):296-298 doi: 10.1055/s-2007-971645
[27]	Bashwira S, Hootele C . Myricoidine and dihydromyricoidine, two new macrocyclic spermidine alkaloids from Clerodendrum myricoides[J]. Tetrahedron, 1988,44(14):4521-4526 doi: 10.1016/S0040-4020(01)86153-6
[28]	Lumbu S, Hootele C . Buchnerine and N1-(Z)-p-methoxycinnamoyl-buchnerine, two new macrocyclic alkaloids from Clerocendrum buchneri[J]. J Nat Prod, 1993,56(8):1418-1420 doi: 10.1021/np50098a028
[29]	Adsersen A, Adsersen H, Brimer L . Cyanogenic constituents in plants from the Galapagos Islands[J]. Biochem Syst Ecol, 1988,16(1):65-77 doi: 10.1016/0305-1978(88)90120-2
[30]	Miller RE , McConville MJ, Woodrow IE.Cyanogenic glycosides from the rare Australian endemic rainforest tree Clerodendrum grayi(Lamiaceae)[J]. Phytochemistry, 2006,67(1):43-51 doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.09.038
[31]	Panthong A, Kanjanapothi D, Taesotikul T, Wongcome T, Reutrakul V . Anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties of Clerodendrum petasites S. Moore[J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2003,85(1):151-156 doi: 10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00368-9
[32]	Park MA, Kim HJ . Anti-inflammatory constituents isolated from Clerodendron trichotomum Tunberg. leaves(CTL) inhibits pro-inflammatory gene expression in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages by suppressing NF-kappaB activation[J]. Arch Pharm Res, 2007,30(6):755-760 doi: 10.1007/BF02977639
[33]	Vidya SM, Krishna V, Manjunatha BK, Mankani KL, Ahmed M, Singh SDJ . Evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of Clerodendrum serratum L[J]. Indian J Exp Biol, 2007,45(6):538-542
[34]	Gopal N, Sengottuvelu S . Hepatoprotective activity of Clerodendrum inerme against CCl4 induced hepatic injury in rats[J]. Fitoterapia, 2008,79(1):24-26 doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2007.07.006
[35]	Hsu SY, Hsing WR . Studies on the pharmacology of the Chinese drug Chou-wu-tung(aerial parts of Clerodendron trichotomum Thunb.) Ⅰ. The toxicity and hypotensive effect of infusion and crude extract of Chou-wu-tung[J]. Yao Xue Xue Bao, 1962,9(12):734-740
	徐叔云, 邢文 . 臭梧桐的药理研究Ⅰ. 臭梧桐热浸剂及提出物的毒性和降血压作用[J]. 药学学报, 1962,9(12):734-740
[36]	Wang GJ, Liao C . The antihypertensive and diuretic effects of Clerodendron trichotomum water crude extract[J]. Eur J Pharmacol, 1990,183(5):1825
[37]	Rajlakshmi D, Banerjee SK, Sood S, Maulik SK . In-vitro and in-vivo antioxidant activity of different extracts of the leaves of Clerodendron colebrookianum Walp. in the rat[J]. J Pharm Pharmacol, 2003,55(12):1681-1686 doi: 10.1211/0022357022296
[38]	Chae S, Kang KA, Kim JS, Hyun JW, Kang SS . Trichotomoside: a new antioxidative phenylpropanoid glycoside from Clerodendron trichotomum[J]. Chem Biodivers, 2006,3(1):41-48 doi: 10.1002/(ISSN)1612-1880
[39]	Cheng HH, Wang HK, Ito J, Bastow KF, Tachibana Y, Nakanishi Y, Xu Z, Luo TY, Lee KH . Cytotoxic pheophorbide-related compounds from Clerodendrum calamitosum and C. cyrtophyllum[J]. J Nat Prod, 2001,64(7):915-919 doi: 10.1021/np000595b
[40]	Shi XF, Du DJ, Xie DC, Ran CQ . Studies on the antitumor effect of Clerodendrum bungei Steud. or C. foetidum Bge[J]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi, 1993,18(11):687-690, 704
	石小枫, 杜德极, 谢定成, 冉长青 . 臭牡丹抗肿瘤作用研究[J]. 中国中药杂志, 1993,18(11):687-690, 704
[41]	Zhu M, Bowery NG, Greengrass PM, Phillipson JD . Application of radioligand receptor binding assays in the search for CNS active principles from Chinese medicinal plants[J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 1996,54(2-3):153-164 doi: 10.1016/S0378-8741(96)01454-7
[42]	Wagner H, Bladt S . Plant drug analysis — a thin layer chromatography atlas[J]. New Delhi: Springer India Pvt Ltd, 1996: 73-78
[43]	Lad V, Frawley D. The yoga of herbs: an Ayurvedic guide to herbal medicine[M]. Wisconsin: Lotus Press, 1986: 41-42
[44]	Nadkarni KM, Nadkarni AK, Chopra RN . Indian materia medica. Vol 1[M]. Bombay: Bombay Popular Prakashan Pvt Ltd, 1954: 353
[45]	Singh B . Bihar ki Vanaspatiyan.Calcutta[M]. Bombay: Sri Vaidyanath Ayurveda Bhavan Ltd, 1955: 109-110
[46]	Kirtikar KR, Basu BD, An ICS . Indian medicinal plants. Vol 3[M]. Dehradun: Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, 1975: 1947-1948
[47]	Anonymous. The Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia of India. Part 1. Vol 3[M]. New Delhi: Government of India, 2001: 3-4
[48]	Shafi MS, Ashraf MY, Sarwar G . Wild medicinal plants of Cholistan area of Pakistan[J]. Pakistan J Biol Sci, 2001,4(1):112-116 doi: 10.3923/pjbs.2001.112.116
[49]	Pandey R, Kaur R, Malasoni R, Gupta MM . Lupeol ester from Clerodendrum phlomidis L[J]. Indian J Chem, 2008,47B(3):470-472
[50]	Watt G . A dictionary of the economic products of India. Vol 2[M].Calcutta: The Superintendent of Government Printing, 1889:374
[51]	Moldenke HN . The known geographic distribution of the members of the Verbenaceae, Avicenniaceae, Stilbaceae, and Symphoremaceae. Supplement 8[J]. Castanea, 1948,13(3):10-21
[52]	Chopra RN, Nayar SL, Chopra IC . Glossary of Indian medicinal plants[M]. New Delhi: CSIR, 1956: 71
[53]	Purandare NV. Rajanighantu Sahito Dhanvantariya Nighantu[M]. Poona: Anandasram Press, 1896:27-28
[54]	Meulenbeld GJ . The mádhavanidána and its chief commentary[M]. Leiden: EJ Brill, 1974: 76, 523
[55]	Chaturvedi GN, Subramaniyam PR, Tiwari SK, Singh KP . Experimental and clinical studies on diabetic mellitus evaluating the efficacy of an indigenous oral hypoglycaemic drug — Arani(Clerodendron phlomidis)[J]. Ancient Sci Life, 1983,3(4):216-224
[56]	Nair RV . Controversial drug plants[M]. Hyderabad: Orient Longman Pvt Ltd, 2004: 8-9
[57]	Acharya YT. Dravyaguna vijnanam. Ⅱ(2)[M]. Bombay: Nirnaya Sagar Press, 1950: 300
[58]	Jain SK . A manual of ethnobotany[M]. Jodhpur: Scientific Publishers, 1986: 88
[59]	Vaidya BG. NighantuAdarsh ( Uttarardh )[M].Surat: Shri Swami Atamanand Sarsavati Ayurvedic Government Pharmacy Ltd, 1965: 815-820
[60]	Handa SS, Kaul MK . Supplement to cultivation and utilization of medicinal plants[M]. Jammu-Tawi: Regional Research Laboratory and CSIR, 1996: 703
[61]	Bishnupriya D, Billore KV, Gupta PO. An evaluation of some controversial Ayurvedic drugs of Indian pharmaceutical industry[M]. Houston: Studium Press LLC, 2003: 297-314
[62]	Warrier PK, Nambiar VPK, Ramankutty C . Indian medicinal plants. Vol Ⅳ[M]. Madras: Orient Longman Ltd, 1996: 352
[63]	Puri HS. Rasayana: Ayurvedic herbs for longevity and rejuvenation[M]. New York: CRC Press, 2002: 34, 37
[64]	Krishnamurthy KH, Masilamoney P, Govindraj N . The nature of the confusion in the botanical identity of Agnimantha and pharmacology of one claimant viz., Clerodendron phlomides L[J]. J Res Indian Med, 1972,7(1):27-36
[65]	Sthana S. Sushruta Samhita Ⅹ Ⅹ Ⅹ Ⅷ[M]. Bombay: Nirnaya Sagar Press, 1916: 8
[66]	Meulenbeld GJ, Wujastyk D . Indian medical history[M]. New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publication, 2001: 34, 36
[67]	Ved DK, Goraya GS. Demand and supply of medicinal plants in India[M].Dehra Dun: Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, 2008: 21-32, 68-88, 101-134, 139-204
[68]	Haines HH . Botany of bihar and orissa. Vol 2[M]. Calcutta: Botanical Survey of India, 1961: 756
[69]	Matthew KM. An excursion flora of central tamilnadu, India[M]. New York: CRC Press, 1995: 389-390
[70]	Chunekar KC, Raghunathan K . Pharmacognostical studies on Clerodendrum phlomidis(agnimanth or tekar) Linn. f. leaves[J]. J Res Indian Med, 1967,2(1):48-56
[71]	Krishnamurthy KH . Botanical identification of Ayurvedic medicinal plants: a new method of pharmacolinguistics. A preliminary account[J]. Indian J Med Res, 1971,59(1):99-103
[72]	Tyagi DK .Pharma forestry: field guide to medicinal plants[M].New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers and Distributors, 2005: 61,65, 157
[73]	Chunekar KC .Bhavaprakash Nighantu[M].Varanasi: Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series, 1960: 234,237, 245
[74]	Katewa SS, Chaudhary BL, Jain A . Folk herbal medicines from tribal area of Rajasthan, India[J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2004,92(1):41-46 doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.01.011
[75]	Khare CP . Indian Medicinal Plants[M]. New York: Springer, 2007: 169
[76]	Singh VP, Sharma SK, Khare VS . Medicinal plants from Ujjain district, Madhya Pradesh — part Ⅱ[J]. Indian drugs Pharma Ind, 1980,15(5):7-12
[77]	Chopra RN, Chopra IC, Handa KL, Kapur LD . Indigenous drugs of India[M]. Calcutta: U.N. Dhur and Sons, 1958: 501
[78]	Manohar M . Ayurveda for all: effective Ayurvedic self-cure for common and chronic ailments[M]. New Delhi: Pushtak Mahal Publishers, 2005: 84-85
[79]	Marles RJ, Farnsworth NR . Antidiabetic plants and their active constituents[J]. Phytomedicine, 1995,2(2):137-189 doi: 10.1016/S0944-7113(11)80059-0
[80]	Puri HS . Indian medicinal plants used in elixirs and tonics[J]. Pharma Biol, 1970,10(2):1555-1566
[81]	Anjaria J, Parabia M, Bhatt G, Khamar R . Nature heals: a glossary of selected indigenous medicinal plants of India[M]. Ahmedabad: SRITI Innovations, 2002: 21
[82]	Anis M, Sharma MP, Iqbal M . Herbal ethnomedicine of the Gwalior forest division in Madhya Pradesh, India[J]. Pharma Biol, 2000,38(4):241-253 doi: 10.1076/1388-0209(200009)3841-AFT241
[83]	Johnson T. CRC ethnobotany desk reference[M]. Florida: CRC Press LLC, 1999: 214
[84]	Mitra SK, Rangesh PR. Diarrhea and dysentery. Mishra LC, editor[M]. Florida: CRC Press, 2003: 371-392
[85]	Patil MV, Patil DA . Ethnobotany of Nasik district, Maharashtra[M]. New Delhi: Daya Books, 2006: 112
[86]	Mishra LC. Scientific basis for Ayurvedic therapies[M]. Florida: CRC Press, 2003: 105-106
[87]	Dhanabal SP , Mohan Maruga Raja MK, Suresh B.Antidiabetic activity of Clerodendron phlomoidis leaf extract in alloxan-induced diabetic rats[J]. Indian J Pharm Sci, 2008,70(6):841-844 doi: 10.4103/0250-474X.49141
[88]	Pandey CN, Raval BR, Mali S, Salvi H . Medicinal plants of Gujarat[M]. Gandhinagar: Ecological Education and Research (GEER) Foundation, 2005: 156
[89]	Anonymous. The useful plants of India[M]. New Delhi: Publication and Information Directorate, CSIR, 1992: 132
[90]	Murugesan T, Saravanan KS, Lakshmi S, Ramya G, Thenmozhi K . Evaluation of psychopharmacological effects of Clerodendrum phlomidis Linn. extract[J]. Phytomedicine, 2001,8(6):472-476 doi: 10.1078/S0944-7113(04)70068-9
[91]	Srivastava GN, Hasan SA, Bagchi GD, Kumar S . Indian traditional veterinary medicinal plants[M]. Lucknow: Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 2000: 45, 581
[92]	Pawar S, Patil DA. Ethnobotany of Jalagon District Maharashtra[M]. New Delhi: Daya Publishing House, 2008: 279-280
[93]	Bhagore M . Foot and mouth disease[J]. Honey Bee, 1991,2(1):20
[94]	Keshabhai JR . Treatment for skin disease: leaf extract of ‘Arani’(Clerodendrum phlomidis)[J]. Honey Bee, 1992,3(2):21
[95]	Vaidyar MS . Hypothermia or shivering in cattle[J]. Honey Bee, 1997,8(4):9
[96]	Sanyasi Rao ML, Varma YNR . Ethno-veterinary medicinal plants of the catchments area of the river Papagni in the Chittor and Ananthapur districts of Andhra Pradesh, India[J]. Ethnobotanical Leaflets, 2008,12:217-226
[97]	Nene YL . Utilizing traditional knowledge in agriculture[M]. Chennai: Centre for Indian Knowledge Systems, 2006: 33-38
[98]	Belsare DK. Introduction to biodiversity[M]. New Delhi: APH Publishing, 2007: 46
[99]	Bharvad NJ . Control of worms in cotton, brinjal, sesame and chilli[J]. Honey Bee, 2005,16(4):15
[100]	Singh RN, Saratchandra B . The development of botanical products with special reference to seri-ecosystem[J]. Caspian J Environmental Sci, 2005,3(1):1-8
[101]	Upadhyay KK, Mukerji KG, Chamola BP . Bio-control potential and its exploitation in sustainable agriculture[M]. New York: Springer, 2002: 97
[102]	Charpot RT . Leaves of Clerodendron phlomidis for preserving grains[J]. Honey Bee, 1998,9(1):15
[103]	Ghanch RA . Controlling green worm in tuvar[J]. Honey Bee, 1998,9(1):16
[104]	Parmar MK . Jowar seed treatment[J]. Honey Bee, 1997,8(3):12
[105]	Bhakuni DS, Srivastava SN, Seghal SL, Kaul KN . Chemical examination of Clerodendron phlomidis Linn[J]. J Sci Indust Res, 1962,21B:48-49
[106]	Subramanian SS, Nair AGR . Scutellarein and pectolinaringenin from the leaves of Clerodendron phlomides and Duranta repens[J]. Phytochemistry, 1972,11(10):3095-3096 doi: 10.1016/0031-9422(72)80123-7
[107]	Gupta SK, Chandra S, Mahadevan V . Chemical examination of Clerodendron phlomidis[J]. Indian J Pharm, 1967,28(1967):102
[108]	Hungund BL, Pathak CK . A survey of plants in Gujarat, India, foralkaloids , saponins and tannins. USDA Forest Service Research Paper. 1971; NE- 201:1-11.
[109]	Joshi KC, Singh P, Mehra A . Chemical investigation of the roots of different Clerodendron species[J]. Planta Med, 1979,37:64-66 doi: 10.1055/s-0028-1097297
[110]	Seth KK, Pandey VB, Dasgupta B . Flavonoids of Clerodendron phlomidis flowers[J]. Pharmazie, 1982,37(1):74-75
[111]	Roy R, Pandey VB . A chalcone glycoside from Clerodendron phlomidis[J]. Phytochemistry, 1994,37(6):1775-1776 doi: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)89613-2
[112]	Anam EM . Novel flavanone and chalcone glycosides from Clerodendron phlomidis(Verbanaceae)[J]. Indian J Chem, 1999,38B(10):1307-1310
[113]	Shanker K, Singh SC, Pant S, Srivastava P, Yadav AK, Pandey R, Verma RK, Gupta MM . Quantitative TLC analysis of sterol(24β-ethylcholesta-5,22 E ,25-triene-3β-ol) in Agnimantha(Clerodendrum phlomidis Linn)[J]. Chromatographia, 2008,67(3-4):269-274 doi: 10.1365/s10337-007-0502-5
[114]	Srinivasa U, Rao JV, Krupanidhi AM, Babu PRS . Analgesic activity of leaves of Clerodendrum phlomidis[J]. J Res Edu Indian Med, 2007,13:23-25
[115]	Joshi H, Megeri K . Antiamnesic evaluation of C. phlomidis Linn. bark extract in mice[J]. Brazilian J Pharm Sci, 2008,44(4):717-725
[116]	Vadnere GP, Somani RS, Singhai AK . Studies on antiasthmatic activity of aqueous extract of Clerodendron phlomidis[J]. Pharmacolgyonline, 2007,1:487-494
[117]	Tan PV, Nijimi CK, Ayafor JF . Screening of some African medicinal plants for antiulcerogenic activity[J]. Phytother Res, 1997,11(1):45-47 doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199702)11:1<>1.0.CO;2-2
[118]	Rani S, Ahamed N, Rajaram S, Saluja R, Thenmozhi S, Murugesan T . Anti-diarrhoeal evaluation of Clerodendrum phlomidis Linn. leaf extract in rats[J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 1999,68(1-3):315-319 doi: 10.1016/S0378-8741(99)00103-8
[119]	Vaghasiya Y, Chanda SV . Screening of methanol and acetone extracts of fourteen Indian medicinal plants for antimicrobial activity[J]. Turkish J Biol, 2007,31:243-248
[120]	Rajasekaran A, Kannan P . Antifungal activity of Clerodendrum inerme(L.) and Clerodendrum phlomidis(L.)[J]. Turkish J Biol, 2006,30:139-142
[121]	Roy R, Singh UP, Pandey VB . Antifungal activity of some naturally occurring flavonoids[J]. Orient J Chem, 1995,11(2):145-148
[122]	Simonsen HT, Nordskjold JB, Smitt UW, Nyman U, Palpu P, Joshi P, Varughese G . In vitro screening of Indian medicinal plants for antiplasmodial activity[J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2001,74(2):195-204 doi: 10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00369-X
[123]	Khan MMAA, Jain DC, Bhakuni RS, Zaim M, Thakur RS . Occurrence of some antiviral sterols in Artemisia annua[J]. Plant Sci, 1991,75(2):161-165 doi: 10.1016/0168-9452(91)90230-6
[124]	Krishnaraju AV, Rao TVN, Sundararaju D, Vanisree M, Tsay HS, Subbaraju GV . Biological screening of medicinal plants collected from Eastern ghats of India using Artemia salina(Brine Shrimp Test)[J]. Int J Appl Sci Eng, 2006,4(2):115-125
[125]	Gokani RH, Lahiri SK, Santani DD, Shah MB . Evaluation of immunomodulatory acticity of Clerodendrum phlomidis and Premna integrifolia root[J]. Int J Pharm, 2007,3(4):352-356 doi: 10.3923/ijp.2007.352.356
[126]	Sharma N, Trivedi PC . Screening of leaf extracts of some plants for their nematicidal and fungicidal properties against Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium oxysporum[J]. Asian J Exp Sci, 2002,16(1-2):21-28
[127]	Polya GM. Biochemical targets of plant bioactive compounds[M]. New York: CRC Press,2003:473, 573, 577
[128]	Thors L, Belghiti M, Fowler CJ . Inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase by kaempferol and related naturally occurring flavonoids[J]. Br J Pharmacol, 2008,155(2):244-252
[129]	Jagetia GC, Rao SK, Baliga MS , S Babu K.The evaluation of nitric oxide scavenging activity of certain herbal formulations in vitro: a preliminary study[J]. Phytother Res, 2004,18(7):561-565 doi: 10.1002/(ISSN)1099-1573
[130]	Jagetia GC, Baliga MS . The evaluation of the radioprotective effect of chyavanaprasha(an ayurvedic rasayana drug) in mice exposed to lethal dose of gamma-radiation: a preliminary study[J]. Phytother Res, 2004,18(1):14-18 doi: 10.1002/(ISSN)1099-1573
[131]	Palani V, Senthilkumaran RK, Govindasamy S . Biochemical evaluation of antitumor effect of Muthu Marunthu(a herbal formulation) on experimental fibrosarcoma in rats[J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 1999,65(3):257-265 doi: 10.1016/S0378-8741(98)00159-7
[132]	Dwivedi C, Agrawal P, Natarajan K, Sharma H . Antioxidant and protective effects of Amrit Nectar tablets on adriamycin and cisplatin induced toxicities[J]. J Altern Complement Med, 2005,11(1):143-148 doi: 10.1089/acm.2005.11.143
[133]	Sharma HM, Dwivedi C, Satter BC, Gudehithlu KP, Abou-Issa H, Malarkey H, Tejwani GA . Antineoplastic properties of Maharishi-4 against DMBA-induced mammary tumors in rats[J]. Pharmacol Biochem Behav, 1990,35(4):767-773 doi: 10.1016/0091-3057(90)90356-M
[134]	Engineer FN, Sharma HM, Dwivedi C . Protective effects of M-4 and M-5 on adriamycin induced microsomal lipid peroxidation and mortality[J]. Biochem Archives, 1992,8(4):267-272
[135]	Prasad KN, Edwards-Prasad J, Kentroti S, Brodie C, Vernadakis A . Ayurvedic(science of life) agents induce differentiation in murine neuroblastoma cells in culture[J]. Neuropharmacology, 1992,31(6):599-607 doi: 10.1016/0028-3908(92)90193-S
[136]	Prasad ML, Parry P, Chan C . Ayurvedic agents produce differential effects on murine and human melanoma cells in vitro[J]. Nutr Cancer, 1993,20(1):79-86 doi: 10.1080/01635589309514273
[137]	Mazzoleni G, Hsiao WLW, Statuto M, Ferrari F, Marra M, Sharma H, Di Lorenzo . Anti-tumor effects of the antioxidant natural products Maharishi Amrit Kalash-4 and -5(MAK) on cell transformation in vitro and in liver carcinogenesis in mice[J]. J Appl Nutr, 2002,52(2-3):45-63
[138]	Bhattacharya SK, Bajpai HS . Hypoglycaemic effect of Clerodendron phlomidis(Arani)[J]. J Res Indian Med, 1975,10(4):1-6
[139]	Namboodari MNS, Sethu KS, Madhavakutty P, Vijayan NP, Namboodiri PKN . Clinical study on the treatment of Amavata with compound Ayurvedic preparation[J]. J Res Ayurveda Siddha, 1948,5(1):1-11
[140]	Park J, Ernst E . Ayurvedic medicine for rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review[J]. Semin Arthritis Rheum, 2005,34(5):705-713 doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2004.11.005
[141]	Kang DG, Lee YS, Kim HJ, Lee YM, Lee HS . Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory phenylpropanoiod glycosides from Clerodendron trichotomum[J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2003,89(1):151-154
[142]	Lee JH, Lee JY, Kang HS, Jeong CH, Moon H, Whang WK, Kim CJ, Sim SS . The effect of acteoside on histamine release and arachidonic acid release in RBL-2H3 meast cells[J]. Arch Pharm Res, 2006,29(6):508-513
[143]	Liu S, Zhu H, Zhang S, Zhang X, Yu Q, Xuan L . Abietane diterpenoids from Clerodendrum bungei[J]. J Nat Prod, 2008,71(5):755-759
[144]	Sandhu HS . Immunosuppresive property of Clerodendron lectin[J]. Hum Immunol, 1989,26:99
[145]	Farnsworth NR. Screening plants for new medicines[M]. Washington DC: National Academy Press, 1988: 83-97

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed

Comments

Recommended 10

[1]	Le-qin Xu, Xiao-feng Li , You-wei Zhang , Bing Shu , Qi Shi, Yong-jun Wang, Chong-jian Zhou. Effects of Chinese herbal medicine Yiqi Huayu Recipe on apoptosis of dorsal root ganglion neurons and expression of caspase-3 in rats with lumbar nerve root compression. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2010, 8(12): 1174-1179
[2]	Ying-lu Feng, Chang-quan Ling, De-zeng Zhu, Chao-qin Yu, Zhe Chen, Bai Li. Ginsenosides combined with dexamethasone in preventing and treating postembolization syndrome following transcatheter arterial chemoembolization: A randomized, controlled and double-blinded prospective trial. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2005, 3(2): 99-102
[3]	Yong Tang, Hai-yan Yin, Fang Zeng, Shu-guang Yu. Pondering in-situ induction of endogenous neural stem cells in hippocampus of rats with Alzheimer disease by acupuncture. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2005, 3(5): 351-354
[4]	Xiao-dong Guan, Yu-fang Wu, Wen Zhao. Clinical observation on treatment of IgA nephropathy with Huobahuagen Tablets and irbesartan. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2005, 3(5): 366-369
[5]	Li-qing Li, Li-li Huo, Xin-guang Zhang, Jian-er Yu. Progress in research on relationship between bronchial asthma and Th1/Th2 imbalance. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2005, 3(5): 403-407
[6]	Kumar Dinesh, Kumar Sunil, Taprial Seema, Kashyap Deepak, Kumar Ajay, Prakash Om. A review of chemical and biological profile of genus Michelia. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(12): 1336-1340
[7]	De-bo Qi, Wei-min Li. Effects of electroacupuncture on expression of c-fos protein in the spinal dorsal horn of rats with chronic visceral hyperalgesia. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(12): 1490-1496
[8]	Mojtaba Heydari, Mohammad Hashem Hashempur, Mohammad Hosein Ayati, Detlev Quintern, Majid Nimrouzi, Seyed Hamdollah Mosavat. The use of Chinese herbal drugs in Islamic medicine. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2015, 13(6): 363-367
[9]	Hui-xia Yuan. Clinical application of Dahuang Zhechong Pill in gynecology. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2009, 7(2): 168-170
[10]	Jing Li. Thinking on syndrome differentiation treatment and personalized therapy for tumor. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2009, 7(4): 306-308

Comprehensive review of Clerodendrum phlomidis: A traditionally used bitter

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Like

Abstract

Cite this article

Share this article

trendmd

Figures/Tables 6

References 145

Related Articles 15

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 10

[1]	Wei-Jun Zhang, Da-Ming Su , Ka-Kit Hui. The development and current status of integrative medicine at UCLA. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(9): 953-960.
[2]	Liang-ping Hu, Xiao-lei Bao, Chen-long Lv. Two-factor designs unable to examine the interactions (Part 2). Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(9): 966-969.
[3]	Ming T. Tan , Jian-ping Liu , Lixing Lao. Adequate application of quantitative and qualitative statistic analytic methods in acupuncture clinical trials. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(8): 847-852.
[4]	Fan Yin, Ziyi Fan. Dr. Wu: A beautiful, moving and meditative song — In memory of Dr. Jing Nuan Wu, a pioneer of acupuncture and a Chinese medicine doctor in the United States. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(8): 837-840.
[5]	Liang-ping Hu, Xiao-lei Bao, Chen-yi Guo . Two-factor designs unable to examine the interactions (Part 1). Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(8): 853-857.
[6]	Claudia Maria Sous, Mario Goncalves, Jorge Machado, Thomas Efferth, Tobias Greten , Petra Froeschen , Henry J. Greten. Effects of qigong on performance-related anxiety and physiological stress functions in transverse flute music schoolchildren: A feasibility study. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(8): 858-865.
[7]	Liang-ping Hu , Xiao-lei Bao, Chen-long Lü . How to choose an appropriate experimental design type (Part 2). Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(7): 738-742.
[8]	David Sibbritt, Pamela van der Riet, Saowapa Dedkhard, Kannapatch Srithong. Rehabilitation of stroke patients using traditional Thai massage, herbal treatments and physical therapies. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(7): 743-750.
[9]	C. Matos Luís, J. Goncalves Mário, R. Silva António, G. Mendes Joaquim, P. Machado Jorge, J. Greten Henry. Assessment of Qigong-related effects by infrared thermography: A case study. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(6): 663-666.
[10]	Liang-ping Hu, Xiao-lei Bao. How to choose an appropriate experimental design type (Part 1). Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(6): 615-618.
[11]	Qing-hui Zhou . Assessment of research papers in medical university staff evaluation. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(6): 707-711.
[12]	Yathiraj Ashwini, Mohamed Rafiq, Gollapalle L. Viswanatha, Subbanna Rajesh, Selvam Senthilraja, Mohammed Azeemuddin, Suryakanth D. Anturlikar, Paramesh Rangesh, Pralhad S. Patki . Polyherbal formulation Bresol® protects the mast cells against compound 48/80-induced disruption and histamine release: A non-immunological mechanism of mast cell stabilization. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(6): 690-694.
[13]	Liang-ping Hu, Xiao-lei Bao, Qi Wang . The balance principle in scientific research. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(5): 504-507.
[14]	Fan Yin . The first acupuncture center in the United States: An interview with Dr. Yao Wu Lee, Washington Acupuncture Center. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(5): 481-492.
[15]	Qin-hui Fu, Jian Pei, Qi Jia, Yi Song, Yue-hua Gu, Xiao-xin You . Acupuncture treatment programs for post-stroke motor rehabilitation in community hospitals: Study protocol of a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(5): 516-524.