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Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine ›› 2012, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (11): 1233-1239.doi: 10.3736/jcim20121106

• Original Clinical Research • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Qigong therapy for physiotherapists suffering from burnout: a preliminary study

Pedro Saganha João1,Doenitz Christoph1,2,3,Greten Tobias2,3,Efferth Thomas4,J. Greten Henry1,2,3()   

  1. 1. Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4099-030 Porto, Portugal
    2. German Society of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany
    3. Heidelberg School of Chinese Medicine, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany
    4. Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
  • Received:2012-05-25 Accepted:2012-05-29 Online:2012-11-20 Published:2018-11-15

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Objective: The study was carried out in order to evaluate the prevalence of burnout in physiotherapists, and to assess whether “White Ball” Qigong exercises may be effective in burnout. This was aimed to provide preliminary data for the preparation and development of a larger study.

Methods: Physiotherapists completed a demographic questionnaire and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) questionnaire. For the intervention and the control groups, the authors selected those physiotherapists with the highest levels of burnout on the most important subscale. The intervention group (eight physiotherapists) performed a specific qigong intervention as developed by the Heidelberg School of Chinese Medicine; the control group consisted of eight physiotherapists on a waiting list. At the end of a three-week period of treatment or waiting list, both groups repeated the MBI for the comparison of results.

Results: Of 106 physiotherapists (36 males and 70 females) assessed by the MBI, Emotional Exhaustion subscale was seen in 52 (49.1%), Depersonalization subscale in 36 (33.9%), and Burnout in the Personal Accomplishment subscale in 33 (31.2%), of whom 4 (3.8%) suffered to a severe degree and 29 (27.4%) moderately. Within the study group qigong lowered the mean values of Emotional Exhaustion subscale from 38.0 to 31.4, whereas in the control group the values rose from 33.9 to 37.9. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P= 0.023). Qigong lowered the mean value of Depersonalization subscale from 10.8 to 6.8. In controls the value rose from 7.3 to 10.6. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P= 0.013). The mean values of Personal Accomplishment subscale decreased in both groups: from 35.4 to 33.9 in the intervention group, and from 37.5 to 37.1 in the control group. The difference between the two groups was not statistically significant.

Conclusion: The effects of “White Ball” Qigong on burnout symptoms are measurable by the MBI. The results are compatible with the thesis that this type of qigong is an effective tool for the self-management of burnout. It is easy to integrate into a daily routine as it takes only 2×5 min per day. On the basis of this evaluation, a study design can now be developed on a larger scale with appropriate blinding, follow-up testing and adequate controls.

Key words: qigong, burnout, professional, physical therapy modalities, biofeedback, pilot projects

Figure 1

Recruitment flow chart"

"

Index Total (n=106) Men (n=36) Women (n=70)
Age (mean±standard deviation, years) 28.2±4.6 28.3±4.3 28.2±4.8
Schooling years (mean±standard deviation) 16.0±0.7 15.8±0.6 16.1±0.8
Academic Degree (n (%)) 1 1 1
Doctorate degree 4 (3.8) 0 (0) 4 (6.0)
Master's degree 7 (6.6) 1 (3.0) 6 (9.0)
Licenciatura degree (4 years) 78 (73.6)
 26 (72.0)
 52 (74.0)
Bacharel degree (3 years) 7 (6.6) 4 (11.0) 3 (4.0)
Clinical internship 10 (9.4) 5 (14.0) 5 (7.0)
Marital status (n (%)) 1 1 1
Single 80 (75.5) 26 (72.0) 54 (77.0)
Married 24 (22.6) 9 (25.0) 15 (21.0)
Divorced 2 (1.9) 1 (3.0) 1 (2.0)

"

Index Total (n=106) Men (n=36) Women (n=70)
Years of experience (mean±standard deviation) 4.9±4.4 4.5±4.3 5.1±4.5
Type of employment relationship (n (%)) 1 1 1
Permanent 39 (36.8) 11 (31.0) 28 (40.0)
Fixed-term contract 16 (15.1) 2 (5.0) 14 (20.0)
Self-employment 34 (32.1) 15 (42.0) 19 (27.0)
Clinical internship 17 (16) 8 (22.0) 9 (13.0)
Work days per week (mean±standard deviation) 5.2±0.7 5.4±1.0 5.1±0.4
Work hours per day (mean±standard deviation) 7.5±1.7 7.6±2.0 7.5±1.6
Patients per hour (mean±standard deviation) 4.1±1.5 4.3±1.5 4.0±1.5

"

MBI subscale Total (n=106) Men (n=36) Women (n=70)
Emotional Exhaustion 1 1 1
Low (<16) 54 (50.9%) 18 (50.0%) 36 (51.4%)
Moderate (17-26) 29 (27.4%) 11 (30.6%) 18 (25.7%)
High (>27) 23 (21.7%) 7 (19.4%) 16 (22.9%)
Depersonalization 1 11 1
Low (<6) 70 (66.0%) 22 (61.1%) 48 (68.6%)
Moderate (7-12) 28 (26.5%) 11 (30.6%) 17 (24.3%)
High (>13) 8 (7.5%) 3 (8.3%) 5 (7.1%)
(Lack of) Personal Accomplishment 1 1 1
Low (“no burnout”) (>39) 73 (68.8%) 24 (66.7%) 49 (70.0%)
Moderate (32-38) 29 (27.4%) 10 (27.8%) 19 (27.1%)
High (“severe burnout”) (<31) 4 (3.8%) 2 (5.5%) 2 (2.9%)

"

MBI subscale Intervention group (n=8) Control group (n=8) P value between
the groups
First measure Second measure Pvalue First measure Second measure Pvalue
Emotional Exhaustion 38.0±7.3 31.4±12 0.141 33.9±4.1 37.9±3.5 0.011 0.023
Depersonalization 10.8±9.0 6.8±4.6 0.204 7.3±4.3 10.6±5.0 0.016 0.013
(Lack of) Personal
Accomplishment		 35.4±10.4
 33.9±6.4
 0.310
 37.5±2.7
 37.1±3.0
 0.573
 0.187
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