Search JIM Advanced Search

Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine ›› 2009, Vol. 7 ›› Issue (10): 969-975.doi: 10.3736/jcim20091011

Special Issue: Acupuncture & Moxibustion

• Original Experimental Research • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Prophylactic effects of short-term acupuncture on Zusanli (ST36) in Wistar rats with lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury

Arthur de Sa Ferreiraa,Januario Gomes Mouraoe Limaa,b,Tatiana Pereira Teixeira Ferreirac,Camila Madeira Tavares Lopesb,Rubens Meyerb   

  1. a Laboratory of Human Motion Analysis, Augusto Motta University Center, Av. Paris 72 Bonsucesso 21041-020,Rio de Janeiro,Brazil
    b Laboratory of Morphology, Augusto Motta University Center, Av. Paris 72 Bonsucesso 21041-020, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
    c Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Av. Brasil 4365 Manguinhos 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro,Brazil
  • Received:2009-06-30 Accepted:2009-08-05 Online:2009-10-20 Published:2009-10-15
  • Contact: Arthur de Sa Ferreira E-mail:arthurde@profunisuam.edu.br

Objective

To evaluate the prophylactic effects of short-term manual acupuncture stimulation on Zusanli (ST36) on acute lung injury (ALI) caused by lipopolysaccharide instillation in Wistar rats.
Methods

Thirty-two Wistar rats were randomized into 4 groups (n=8) classified by the absence or presence of lipopolysaccharide instillation [negative (NC) and positive control (PC), respectively], and performance of sham or real needle stimulation [sham (SA) or real (RA) acupuncture, respectively]. Manual acupuncture was performed daily for 5 minutes over four consecutive days (days 1 to 4). Lipopolysaccharide instillation was performed on day 4 after the last acupuncture stimulation. Systemic blood samples, bronchoalveolar lavage, and bone marrow blood sample were collected on day 5 to measure the count of leukocytes.
Results

RA reduced the inflammatory response on ALI as indicated by blood cell count and bronchoalveolar lavage cell count. SA presented a minor efficacy to reduce inflammatory response in rats with experimental ALI. Bronchoalveolar lavage showed increased cell counts of rats in the PC group as compared with the NC group, and less but no significant differences in cell counts in the PC-RA group as compared with the PC-SA group.
Conclusion

Prophylactic manual needling stimulation of ST36 can mitigate ALI caused by lipopolysaccharide instillation in Wistar rats. Further studies should address the mechanisms of immune system response induced by needle stimulation of ST36 acupoint.

Key words: Acupuncture, Lipopolysaccharides, Acute lung injury, Rats

"

Group n Count of total leukocytes P value (day 1 to day 5)
Day 1 Day 5
NC 8 9.9 [8.6, 11.6] 11.7 [10.1, 14.2] 0.07
PC 8 9.0 [7.7, 9.6] 12.7 [9.4, 22.2] 0.08
P value (same day) NC vs PC: 0.28 NC vs PC: 0.46
PC-SA 8 8.1 [6.1, 9.7] 20.6 [18.0, 25.0] 0.03
PC-RA 8 7.9 [6.9, 9.5] 9.7 [8.3, 14.3] 0.06
P value (same day) PC-SA vs PC-RA: 0.94 PC-SA vs PC-RA: 0.001

"

Group n Count of total leukocytes Count of neutrophils Count of monocytes Count of lymphocytes
NC 8 11.7 [10.1, 14.2] 2.1 [1.1, 2.7] 0.1 [0.0, 0.1] 9.2 [8.4, 12.6]
PC 8 12.7 [9.4, 22.2] 2.8 [1.9, 8.7] 0.1 [0.0, 0.4] 9.9 [6.8, 18.6]
P value (NC vs PC) 0.45 0.02 0.45 0.80
PC-SA 8 20.6 [18.0, 25.0] 2.8 [1.9, 6.7] 0.2 [0.0, 0.5] 17.8 [13.7, 20.3]
PC-RA 8 9.7 [8.3, 14.3] 1.9 [0.8, 2.7] 0.0 [0.0, 0.3] 8.3 [6.8, 11.4]
P value (SA vs RA) 0.000 3 0.01 0.61 0.000 3

"

Group n Count of total leukocytes Count of neutrophils Count of monocytes
NC 8 3.9 [3.3, 5.5] 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] 3.9 [3.3, 5.5]
PC 8 38.2 [17.5, 47.8] 9.6 [8.4, 18.3] 14.0 [7.0, 23.4]
P value (NC vs PC) 0.002 0.004 0.002
PC-SA 8 25.5 [10.0, 62.2] 19.9 [7.9, 27.0] 16.1 [5.8, 32.4]
PC-RA 8 13.0 [9.5, 47.5] 4.1 [1.5, 6.2] 7.8 [6.2, 12.5]
P value (SA vs RA) 0.54 0.01 0.19

Figure 1

Timeline of the animal experiment indicating when acupuncture, LPS instillation, and analysis were performed"

"

Group n Count of total leukocytes Count of neutrophils Count of other cells
NC 8 41.0 [36.5, 44.0] 8.6 [5.5, 15.0] 26.5 [24.5, 31.6]
PC 8 40.8 [36.0, 48.0] 12.6 [9.9, 16.3] 26.2 [16.6, 29.3]
P value (NC vs PC) 0.94 0.18 0.59
PC-SA 8 31.8 [25.5, 37.5] 4.7 [2.6, 14.6] 14.9 [14.0, 18.2]
PC-RA 8 38.2 [30.2, 42.0] 6.7 [4.7, 9.2] 22.6 [20.5, 28.4]
P value (SA vs RA) 0.08 0.42 0.01
[1] Boyton RJ, Openshaw PJ . Pulmonary defenses to acute respiratory infection[J]. Br Med Bull, 2002,( 61):1-12
doi: 10.1093/bmb/61.1.1 pmid: 11997295
[2] Girard MP, Cherian T, Pervikov Y, Kieny MP . A review of vaccine research and development: human acute respiratory infections[J]. Vaccine, 2005,23(50):5708-5724
doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.07.046 pmid: 16154667
[3] Feldman C . Cytokines and acute respiratory infections[J]. Sepsis, 1998,1(3):173-179
doi: 10.1023/A:1009733224900
[4] T'AO L . Achievements of Chinese medicine in the Ch'in(221-207 B.C.) and Han(206 B.C.-219 A.D.) dynasties[J]. Chin Med J, 1953,71(5):380-396
[5] Lee T . Chinese medicine during the Ming dynasty(1368-1644 A.D.)[J]. Chin Med J, 1958,76(2):178-198
pmid: 13537217
[6] Maciocia G.Foundations of Chinese medicine: a comprehensive text for acupuncturists and herbalists[M]. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone , 2005
[7] World Health Organization.Acupuncture: review and analysis of reports on controlled clinical trials[M]. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2003
[8] Tabosa A, Yamamura Y, Forno ER, Mello LEAM . Effect of the acupoints ST-36(Zusanli) and SP-6(Sanyinjiao) on intestinal myoelectric activity of Wistar rats[J]. Braz J Med Biol Res, 2002,35(6):731-739
doi: 10.1590/S0100-879X2002000600015
[9] Wu HC, Lin JG, Chu CH, Chang YH, Chang CG, Hsieh CL, Tsai HC, Kuo WW, Liu JY, Huang CY . The effects of acupuncture at the Zusanli(ST36) acupoint on blood pressure and cardiomyocytes[J]. Mid Taiwan J Med, 2003,8(4):183-191
doi: 10.6558/MTJM.2003.8(4).1
[10] Kim DD, Pica AM, Duran RG, Duran WN . Acupuncture reduces experimental renovascular hypertension through mechanisms involving nitric oxide synthases[J]. Microcirculation, 2006,13(7):577-585
doi: 10.1080/10739680600885210
[11] Chang SL, Lin KJ, Lin RT, Hung PH, Lin JG, Cheng JT . Enhanced insulin sensitivity using electroacupuncture on bilateral Zusanli acupoints(ST36) in rats[J]. Life Sci, 2006,79(10):967-971
doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2006.05.005
[12] Guimaraes CM, Pinge MC, Yamamura Y, Mello LE . Effects of acupuncture on behavioral, cardiovascular and hormonal responses in restraint-stressed Wistar rats[J]. Braz J Med Biol Res, 1997,30(12):1445-1450
[13] Watson RW, Redmond HP, Bouchier-Hayes D . Role of endotoxin in mononuclear phagocyte-mediated inflammatory responses[J]. J Leukoc Biol, 1994,56(1):95-103
doi: 10.1002/jcp.1041600123 pmid: 8027674
[14] Ulich TR, Yin S, Remick DG, Russell D, Eisenberg SP, Kohno T . Intratracheal administration of endotoxin and cytokines. IV. The soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor type I inhibits acute inflammation[J]. Am J Pathol, 1993,142(5):1335-1338
[15] Huang CL, Huang CJ, Tsai PS, Yan LP, Xu HZ . Acupuncture stimulation of ST-36(Zusanli) signifi-cantly mitigates acute lung injury in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated rats[J]. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 2006,50(6):722-730
doi: 10.1111/aas.2006.50.issue-6
[16] Kou W, Bell JD, Gareus I, Pacheco-López G, Goebel MU, Spahn G, Stratmann M, Janssen OE, Schedlowski M, Dobos GJ . Repeated acupuncture treatment affects leukocyte circulation in healthy young male subjects: a randomized single-blind two-period crossover study[J]. Brain Behav Immun, 2005,19(4):318-324
doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2004.10.001
[17] Faffe DS, Seidl VR, Chagas PS , Goncalves de Moraes VL, Capelozzi VL, Rocco PR, Zin WA.Respiratory effects of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory injury in mice[J]. Eur Respir J, 2000,15(1):85-91
doi: 10.1034/j.1399-3003.2000.15a16.x pmid: 10678626
[18] Goncalves de Moraes VL, Singer M, Vargaftig BB, Chignard M . Effect of rolipram on cyclic AMP levels in alveolar macrophages and lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in mouse lung[J]. Br J Pharmacol, 1998,123(4):631-636
doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0701649
[19] Liao YY, Seto K, Saito H, Fujita M, Kawakami M . Effect of acupuncture on adrenocortical hormone production: Ⅰ. Variation in the ability for adrenocortical hormone production in relation to the duration of acupuncture stimulation[J]. Am J Chin Med, 1979,7(4):362-371
doi: 10.1142/S0192415X79000349
[20] Andersson J, Melchers F, Galanos C, Lüderitz O . The mitogenic effect of lipopolysaccharide on bone marrow-derived mouse lymphocytes. Lipid A as the mitogenic part of the molecule[J]. J Experim Med, 1973,137(4):943-953
doi: 10.1084/jem.137.4.943
[21] Tian L, Huang YX, Tian M, Gao W, Chang Q . Downregulation of electroacupuncture at ST36 on TNF-alpha in rats with ulcerative colitis[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2003,9(5):1028-1033
doi: 10.3748/wjg.v9.i5.1028
[22] Scognamillo-Szabó MV, Bechara GH, Ferreira SH, Cunha FQ . Effect of various acupuncture treatment protocols upon sepsis in Wistar rats[J]. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 2004,( 1026):251-256
doi: 10.1196/annals.1307.039 pmid: 15604502
[23] Rittirsch D, Hoesel M, Ward PA . The disconnect between animal models of sepsis and human sepsis[J]. J Leukoc Biol, 2007,81(1):137-143
doi: 10.1189/jlb.0806542 pmid: 17020929
[1] Chiung-Hui Huang, Mei-Ling Yeh, Fang-Pey Chen, Daphne Wu. Low-level laser acupuncture reduces postoperative pain and morphine consumption in older patients with total knee arthroplasty: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2022, 20(4): 321-328.
[2] Ming-min Xu, Pei Guo, Qing-yu Ma, Xuan Zhou, Yu-long Wei, Lu Wang, Yue Chen, Yu Guo. Can acupuncture enhance therapeutic effectiveness of antidepressants and reduce adverse drug reactions in patients with depression? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2022, 20(4): 305-320.
[3] Yen-Lin Chao, Yi-Ai Rau, Hong-Sheng Shiue, Jiun-Lin Yan, Yuan-Yun Tang, Shao-Wen Yu, Bo-Yan Yeh, Yen-Lung Chen, Tsung-Hsien Yang, Shu-Chen Cheng, Yi-Wen Hsieh, Hsin-Chia Huang, Fu-Kuang Tsai, Yu-Sheng Chen, Geng-Hao Liu. Using a consensus acupoints regimen to explore the relationship between acupuncture sensation and lumbar spinal postoperative analgesia: A retrospective analysis of prospective clinical cooperation. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2022, 20(4): 329-337.
[4] Sergey Filist, Riad Taha Al-Kasasbeh, Olga Shatalova, Nikolay Korenevskiy, Ashraf Shaqadan, Zeinab Protasova, Maksim Ilyash, Mikhail Lukashov. Biotechnical system based on fuzzy logic prediction for surgical risk classification using analysis of current-voltage characteristics of acupuncture points. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2022, 20(3): 252-264.
[5] Jia-yi Zhao, Jin Pu, Jian Fan, Xin-yu Feng, Jian-wen Xu, Rong Zhang, Yan Shang. Tanshinone IIA prevents acute lung injury by regulating macrophage polarization. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2022, 20(3): 274-280.
[6] Ting-ting Lu, Cun-cun Lu, Mei-xuan Li, Li-xin Ke, Hui Cai, Ke-hu Yang. Reporting and methodological quality of meta-analyses of acupuncture for patients with migraine: A methodological investigation with evidence map. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2022, 20(3): 213-220.
[7] Xiang-yu Wei, Shi-lei Luo, HuiChen, Shan-shan Liu, Zhi-gang Gong, Song-huaZhan. Functional connectivity changes during migraine treatment with electroacupuncture at Shuaigu (GB8). Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2022, 20(3): 237-243.
[8] Samwel Sylvester Msigwa, Yan Li, Xiang-lin Cheng, Fen Cao. Combining electroacupuncture and transcranial direct current stimulation as an adjuvant therapy enhances spontaneous conversation and naming in subacute vascular aphasia: A retrospective analysis. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2022, 20(3): 244-251.
[9] Xiao Ye, Yu-lan Ren, Yun-hui Chen, Ji Chen, Xiao-jiao Tang, Zong-ming Zhang. A "4D" systemic view on meridian essence: Substantial, functional, chronological and cultural attributes. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2022, 20(2): 96-103.
[10] Bin Zhao, Yong Chen, Shi-min Liao, Jian-ying Zheng, Shi-hua Yan, Dong-shu Zhang. Successfully treated recalcitrant atopic eczema with acupoint autohemotherapy: A case report and hypothesized mechanism of the therapy. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2022, 20(2): 182-186.
[11] Jun-peng Yao, Li-ping Chen, Xian-jun Xiao, Ting-hui Hou, Si-yuan Zhou, Ming-min Xu, Kai Wang, Yu-jun Hou, Lin Zhang, Ying Li. Effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for treating functional constipation: An overview of systematic reviews. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2022, 20(1): 13-25.
[12] Xin Yin, Shu-bin Cai, Lan-ting Tao, Lu-ming Chen, Zhong-de Zhang, Su-hong Xiao, Arthur Yin Fan, Xu Zou. Recovery of a patient with severe COVID-19 by acupuncture and Chinese herbal medicine adjuvant to standard care. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2021, 19(5): 460-466.
[13] Thomas Efferth, An-long Xu, Roxana Damiescu, Mita Banerjee, Norbert W. Paul, David Y.W. Lee. Can eastern wisdom resolve western epidemics? Traditional chinese medicine therapies and the opioid crisis. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2021, 19(4): 295-299.
[14] Bing-rong Li, Shi-yun Shao, Long Yuan, Ru Jia, Jian Sun, Qing Ji, Hua Sui, Li-hong Zhou, Yi Zhang, Hui Liu, Qi Li, Yan Wang, Bi-meng Zhang. Effects of mild moxibustion on intestinal microbiome and NLRP3 inflammasome in rats with 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2021, 19(2): 144-157.
[15] Qiu-yu Tong, Ran Liu, Kun Zhang, Yuan Gao, Guang-wei Cui, Wei-dong Shen. Can acupuncture therapy reduce preoperative anxiety? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2021, 19(1): 20-28.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
[1] Wei-xiong Liang. Problems-solving strategies in clinical treatment guideline for traditional Chinese medicine and integrative medicine. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2008, 6(1): 1-4
[2] Zhao-guo Li. Discussion on English translation of commonly used sentences in traditional Chinese medicine: part one. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2008, 6(1): 107-110
[3] Jun Hu, Jian-ping Liu. Non-invasive physical treatments for chronic/recurrent headache. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2008, 6(1): 31
[4] Xue-mei Liu, Qi-fu Huang, Yun-ling Zhang, Jin-li Lou, Hong-sheng Liu, Hong Zheng. Effects of Tribulus terrestris L. saponion on apoptosis of cortical neurons induced by hypoxia-reoxygenation in rats. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2008, 6(1): 45-50
[5] . Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals: Writing and editing for biomedical publication (Chinese version, part two). Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2010, 8(11): 1001-1005
[6] Daniel Weber, Janelle M Wheat, Geoffrey M Currie. Inflammation and cancer: Tumor initiation, progression and metastasis,and Chinese botanical medicines. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2010, 8(11): 1006-1013
[7] Hong Liu , Guo-liang Zhang, Li Shen , Zhen Zeng, Bao-luo Zhou, Cheng-hai Liu, Guang Nie . Application and evaluation of a pseudotyped virus assay for screening herbs for anti-H5Nl avian influenza virus. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2010, 8(11): 1036-1040
[8] Zhao-guo Li . A discussion of English translation of 1995 and 1997 Chinese National Standards of Traditional Chinese Medical Terminologies for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2010, 8(11): 1090-1096
[9] Rui Jin, Bing Zhang. A complexity analysis of Chinese herbal property theory: the multiple formations of herbal property (Part 1). Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(11): 1198-1205
[10] Hui-min Liu, Xian-bo Wang, Yu-juan Chang, Li-li Gu. Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of integrative medicine therapy for treatment of chronic severe hepatitis. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(11): 1211-1228