Search JIM Advanced Search

Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine ›› 2010, Vol. 8 ›› Issue (10): 911-916.doi: 10.3736/jcim20101002

Special Issue: Traditional Chinese Medicine

• Review • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Methodology study of classification algorithm in traditional Chinese medicine syndrome study

 Min Zhoua, Na Chub, Jie Lic   

  1. a Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Information Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
    b Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
    c Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Literature, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
  • Received:2010-04-29 Accepted:2010-06-01 Online:2010-10-20 Published:2010-10-15

Study of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes is a key to the research of TCM modernization, and the core is the classification and diagnostic criteria of syndromes. The purpose of this article is to review the usage of classification algorithms of data mining in TCM syndrome researches, and comprehensively analyze the main features of algorithms and their applications. The appropriate classification algorithm should be chosen according to different research purposes. Rough sets and cluster analysis are suitable for exploratory research without requiring a prior knowledge. Fuzzy sets theory, neural networks and decision tree are suitable for syndrome diagnostic criteria research when the classification goal is clear, because they require a prior knowledge. Among them, fuzzy sets theory could be used in combination with other classification algorithms. Thus, some new methods such as fuzzy clustering, fuzzy rough sets or fuzzy decision tree might be more suitable for TCM algorithm classification research. It is suggested that some novel classification algorithms need to be developed to fit the condition of TCM syndrome, based on the interdisciplinary theories and technologies.

Key words: Syndrome, Data interpretation, Statistical, Classification, Statistical Computing

[1] Wang ZW, Zhao LJ, Zhao QS, Wang YB, Xie ZQ . Present status and the main problems in traditional Chinese medicine standardization[J]. Zhong Yi Yao Guan Li Za Zhi, 2008,16(3):197-198
王志伟, 赵丽娟, 赵琼姝, 王艳波, 谢震铨 . 中医药标准化的现状及存在的主要问题[J]. 中医药管理杂志, 2008,16(3):197-198
[2] Han J, Micheline K. Data mining: concepts and techniques(2nd ed)[M]. Beijing: China Machine Press,2007,(2nd ed): 184, 229-230
Han J, Micheline K著, 范明, 孟小峰译.数据挖掘概念与技术(第2版)[M]. 北京: 机械工业出版社,2007,(第2版): 184, 229-230
[3] Fang JQ . Medical statistics and computer experiments(2nd ed)[M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Scientific & Technical Publishers, 2001,( 2nd ed):412-413
方积乾 . 医学统计学与电脑实验(第2版)[M]. 上海: 上海科学技术出版社, 2001,( 第2版):412-413
[4] Zhou S, Zhou ZY . Maximum likelihood discriminant method for quantitative diagnosis in syndromes in apoplectic sequela[J]. Shanghai Zhong Yi Yao Da Xue Xue Bao, 2007,21(4):26-29
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-861X.2007.04.010
周慎, 周重余 . 最大似然判别法对中风后遗症中医证候的计量诊断研究[J]. 上海中医药大学学报, 2007,21(4):26-29
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-861X.2007.04.010
[5] Dong JC, Sun YM, Wang ZQ . Study on quantitative diagnosis of stagnation of qi and blood stasis syndrome in chronic prostatitis[J]. Zhongguo Zhong Yi Yao Xin Xi Za Zhi, 2008,15(3):15-18
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-5304.2008.03.006
董佳晨, 孙一鸣, 王志强 . 慢性前列腺炎气滞血瘀证证候计量诊断研究[J]. 中国中医药信息杂志, 2008,15(3):15-18
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-5304.2008.03.006
[6] Huang BZ . Application of the discriminatory analysis of categorical variable data to TCM[J]. Anhui Zhong Yi Xue Yuan Xue Bao, 2001,20(6):53-56
黄宝枝 . 分类变量资料差别分析在中医药科研中应用[J]. 安徽中医学院学报, 2001,20(6):53-56
[7] Li FS, Hamlat U, Yang J, Wang L, Luo JJ, Du LJ . Study on asthma TCM syndrome and lymphocyte subsets with the media, changes in endogenous cortisol[J]. Zhongguo Zhong Yi Yao Xin Xi Za Zhi, 2008,15(10):19-22
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-5304.2008.10.008
李风森, 哈木拉提, 杨剑, 王玲, 罗建江, 杜丽娟 . 哮喘中医分型及其淋巴细胞亚群与介质、内源性皮质醇变化的研究[J]. 中国中医药信息杂志, 2008,15(10):19-22
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-5304.2008.10.008
[8] Huang XB, Li ZX, Chen WQ, Wang MY, Zhang CY . Discriminative analysis of TCM syndrome of chronic fatigue syndrome[J]. Zhongguo Zhong Yi Yao Xin Xi Za Zhi, 2006,13(6):21-22, 49
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-5304.2006.06.010
黄小波, 李宗信, 陈文强, 王明越, 张春燕 . 慢性疲劳综合征中医证型判别分析[J]. 中国中医药信息杂志, 2006,13(6):21-22, 49
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-5304.2006.06.010
[9] Yao KW, Wang J, Zhu CL, Wu JT, Wang QR, Wang ZY . A discriminant analysis of epidemiological survey data on quantitative diagnosis of blood stasis syndrome[J]. Shi Jie Ke Xue Ji Shu Zhong Yi Yao Xian Dai Hua, 2007,9(2):33-37
姚魁武, 王阶, 朱翠玲, 武继涛, 王恰如, 王在意 . 血瘀证量化诊断流行病学调查数据的判别分析[J]. 世界科学技术: 中医药现代化, 2007,9(2):33-37
[10] Liu HM, Li T . Syndrome of traditional Chinese medicine of vertigo with multiple factors analysis[J]. Zhongguo Zhong Yi Ji Chu Yi Xue Za Zhi, 2008,14(3):205-206
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-3250.2008.03.021
刘红梅, 李涛 . 眩晕症的中医证候多元分析初步研究[J]. 中国中医基础医学杂志, 2008,14(3):205-206
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-3250.2008.03.021
[11] Yin S, Zhou YQ, Li TS . The research and analysis of data clustering[J]. Hang Kong Ji Suan Ji Shu, 2005,35(1):63-66
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-654X.2005.01.017
尹松, 周永权, 李陶深 . 数据聚类方法的研究与分析[J]. 航空计算技术, 2005,35(1):63-66
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-654X.2005.01.017
[12] Cao HX, Liu Z, Zhang HM . Study on Chinese medical pattern classification and characteristic of viral myocarditis by cluster analysis[J]. Zhong Yi Za Zhi, 2007,48(7):629-632
曹洪欣, 刘寨, 张华敏 . 基于聚类分析的病毒性心肌炎证候分类及证候特征研究[J]. 中医杂志, 2007,48(7):629-632
[13] Zhang Y, Zhang PT, Zhao B, Yang ZY, Li DR, Hu XM, Run HF . Classification and diagnosis of TCM syndromes of lung cancer based on clustering analysis[J]. Beijing Zhong Yi Yao Da Xue Xue Bao, 2009,32(2):132-135
doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1006-2157.2009.02.017
张月, 张培彤, 赵冰, 杨宗艳, 李道睿, 胡晓梅, 闰洪飞 . 基于聚类分析的肺癌中医证候分类及诊断的研究[J]. 北京中医药大学学报, 2009,32(2):132-135
doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1006-2157.2009.02.017
[14] Zhang LW, Zhou XZ, Chen T, He LY, Liu BY . Interpretation of variables clustering results in traditional Chinese medicine syndrome research[J]. Zhongguo Zhong Yi Yao Xin Xi Za Zhi, 2007,14(7):102-103
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-5304.2007.07.058
张连文, 周雪忠, 陈弢, 何丽云, 刘保延 . 论证候研究中变量聚类结果的诠释[J]. 中国中医药信息杂志, 2007,14(7):102-103
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-5304.2007.07.058
[15] Jiang ZL. Introduction to artificial neural networks[M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press,2001:7- 9, 15-16
蒋宗礼 . 人工神经网络导论[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社,2001:7- 9, 15-16
[16] Bai YJ, Shen HB, Meng QG, Wang YY . Study on non-linear modeling of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome based on artificial neural networks model[J]. Zhongguo Zhong Yi Yao Xin Xi Za Zhi, 2007,14(7):3-4, 83
白云静, 申洪波, 孟庆刚, 王永炎 . 基于人工神经网络的中医证候非线性建模研究[J]. 中国中医药信息杂志, 2007,14(7):3-4, 83
[17] Zhong Y, Hu XL, Lu JF . Analysis on traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis of gastritis based on association rules and decision tree[J]. Zhongguo Zhong Yi Yao Xin Xi Za Zhi, 2008,15(8):97-99
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-5304.2008.08.055
钟颖, 胡雪蕾, 陆建峰 . 基于关联规则和决策树的中医胃炎诊断分析[J]. 中国中医药信息杂志, 2008,15(8):97-99
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-5304.2008.08.055
[18] Xu L, He J, Meng H, Wang YQ, He XM, Fan SC, Lang QB . Application of decision tree based on entropy in traditional Chinese medicine symptom analysis of chronic gastritis[J]. Di Er Jun Yi Da Xue Xue Bao, 2004,25(9):329-331
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-3674.2004.06.004
徐蕾, 贺佳, 孟虹, 王忆勤, 贺宪民, 范思昌, 郎庆波 . 基于信息熵的决策树在慢性胃炎中医辨证中的应用[J]. 第二军医大学学报, 2004,25(9):329-331
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-3674.2004.06.004
[19] Zeng HL. Rough sets theory and its applications[M]. Chongqing: Chongqing University Press,1996: 1
曾黄麟 . 粗集理论及其应用[M]. 重庆: 重庆大学出版社,1996: 1
[20] Yang XB, Zhang G, Liang ZH . Analysis on main symptoms in traditional Chinese medicine of ulcerative colitis based on rough sets theory[J]. Liaoning Zhong Yi Za Zhi, 2008,35(5):687-689
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1719.2008.05.022
杨小波, 张钢, 梁兆晖 . 基于粗糙集理论的溃疡性结肠炎中医主症分析[J]. 辽宁中医杂志, 2008,35(5):687-689
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1719.2008.05.022
[21] Liu L, Xu L, Sun DZ, Wei PK . Establishment of a fuzzy mathematical model for syndrome differentiation of gastric cancer[J]. J Chin Integr Med, 2008,6(11):1117-1121
刘龙, 许玲, 孙大志, 魏品康 . 一种胃癌模糊辨证模型的构建[J]. 中西医结合学报, 2008,6(11):1117-1121
[22] Bai YJ, Shen HB, Meng QG, Wang YY . Exploration and analysis on complex characteristics and academic methodology of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome[J]. Zhongguo Zhong Yi Yao Xin Xi Za Zhi, 2004,11(9):754-756
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-5304.2004.09.002
白云静, 申洪波, 孟庆刚, 王永炎 . 中医证候复杂性特征及证候研究思路探析[J]. 中国中医药信息杂志, 2004,11(9):754-756
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-5304.2004.09.002
[23] Fang ZQ . Essential factors and constituents of syndrome differentiation standard in Chinese medicine[J]. Shanghai Zhong Yi Yao Za Zhi, 2004,38(1):3-6
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-1334.2004.01.001
方肇勤 . 辨证标准的基本要素与构成[J]. 上海中医药杂志, 2004,38(1):3-6
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-1334.2004.01.001
[1] Zeinab Vafaeipour, Bibi Marjan Razavi, Hossein Hosseinzadeh. Effects of turmeric (Curcuma longa) and its constituent (curcumin) on the metabolic syndrome: An updated review. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2022, 20(3): 193-203.
[2] Shu-yi Chen, Qun-wei Chen, Liu-mei Shou, Hong Pan, Shan-ming Ruan, Zhe-hao Liang, Qi-jin Shu. Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis successfully treated with Chinese herbal medicine Pi-Yan-Ning: A case report. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2021, 19(6): 555-560.
[3] Liang Ding, Xin-you Zhang, Di-yao Wu, Meng-ling Liu. Application of an extreme learning machine network with particle swarm optimization in syndrome classification of primary liver cancer. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2021, 19(5): 395-407.
[4] Si-qi Tang, Yun-liang Wang, Zi-ye Xie, Yang Zhang, Yi Guo, Kang-li Gao, Tang-you Mao, Chun-e Xie, Jun-xiang Li, Xiao-yan Gao. Serum metabolic profiling of traditional Chinese medicine syndromes in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2021, 19(3): 274-281.
[5] Shu-jun Wei, Qing-man He, Qing Zhang, Kang-hua Fu, Ruo-lan Li, Wei Peng, Yong-xiang Gao. Traditional Chinese medicine is a useful and promising alternative strategy for treatment of Sjogren's syndrome: A review. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2021, 19(3): 191-202.
[6] Dastan M. Khoshnaw, Abhijit A. Ghadge. Yoga as a complementary therapy for metabolic syndrome: A narrative review. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2021, 19(1): 6-12.
[7] Johannes Loeser, Brigitte Layer, Christopher Plata, Klaus-Maria Perrar, Tim Hucho, Rebecca Kulbida. Hirudotherapy attenuates arthritic pain in patients with various chronic pain syndromes: A retrospective analysis. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2020, 18(5): 425-433.
[8] . External application of two unrestricted herbal medicines to treat costochondritis in a young collegiate athlete: A case report. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2020, 18(5): 450-454.
[9] Shi-xin Wang, Yan Wang, Yu-bao Lu, Jie-yun Li, Yu-jun Song, Munkhtuya Nyamgerelt, Xue-xi Wang. Diagnosis and treatment of novel coronavirus infectious pneumonia based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2020, 18(4): 275-283.
[10] Zi-jia Zhang, Wen-yong Wu, Jin-jun Hou, Lin-lin Zhang, Fei-fei Li, Lei Gao, Xing-dong Wu, Jing-ying Shi, Rong Zhang, Hua-li Long, Min Lei, Wan-ying Wu, De-an Guo, Kai-xian Chen, Lewis A. Hofmann, Zhonghua Ci. Active constituents and mechanisms of Respiratory Detox Shot, a traditional Chinese medicine prescription, for COVID-19 control and prevention: network-molecular docking-LC-MSE analysis. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2020, 18(3): 229-241.
[11] Sherman Gu, Arthur Yin Fan. Controversial conclusions from two randomized controlled trials for acupuncture's effects on polycystic ovary syndrome or in vitro fertilization support. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2020, 18(2): 89-91.
[12] Xue-qing Yu, Shu-guang Yang, Yang Xie, Jian-sheng Li. Traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis based on syndrome differentiation: Study protocol of exploratory trial. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2020, 18(2): 163-168.
[13] Rebecca Kulbida, Alexander Mathes, Johannes Loeser. Beneficial effects of hirudotherapy in a chronic case of complex regional pain syndrome. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2019, 17(5): 383-386.
[14] Sonia Chew Wen Phang, Uma Devi Palanisamy, Khalid Abdul Kadir. Effects of geraniin (rambutan rind extract) on blood pressure and metabolic parameters in rats fed high-fat diet. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2019, 17(2): 100-106.
[15] Mehranghiz Ebrahimi-Mameghani, Mohammad Asghari-Jafarabadi, Khatereh Rezazadeh. TCF7L2-rs7903146 polymorphism modulates the effect of artichoke leaf extract supplementation on insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2018, 16(5): 329-334.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
[1] Wei-xiong Liang. Problems-solving strategies in clinical treatment guideline for traditional Chinese medicine and integrative medicine. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2008, 6(1): 1-4
[2] Zhao-guo Li. Discussion on English translation of commonly used sentences in traditional Chinese medicine: part one. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2008, 6(1): 107-110
[3] Jun Hu, Jian-ping Liu. Non-invasive physical treatments for chronic/recurrent headache. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2008, 6(1): 31
[4] Xue-mei Liu, Qi-fu Huang, Yun-ling Zhang, Jin-li Lou, Hong-sheng Liu, Hong Zheng. Effects of Tribulus terrestris L. saponion on apoptosis of cortical neurons induced by hypoxia-reoxygenation in rats. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2008, 6(1): 45-50
[5] . Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals: Writing and editing for biomedical publication (Chinese version, part two). Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2010, 8(11): 1001-1005
[6] Daniel Weber, Janelle M Wheat, Geoffrey M Currie. Inflammation and cancer: Tumor initiation, progression and metastasis,and Chinese botanical medicines. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2010, 8(11): 1006-1013
[7] Hong Liu , Guo-liang Zhang, Li Shen , Zhen Zeng, Bao-luo Zhou, Cheng-hai Liu, Guang Nie . Application and evaluation of a pseudotyped virus assay for screening herbs for anti-H5Nl avian influenza virus. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2010, 8(11): 1036-1040
[8] Zhao-guo Li . A discussion of English translation of 1995 and 1997 Chinese National Standards of Traditional Chinese Medical Terminologies for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2010, 8(11): 1090-1096
[9] Rui Jin, Bing Zhang. A complexity analysis of Chinese herbal property theory: the multiple formations of herbal property (Part 1). Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(11): 1198-1205
[10] Hui-min Liu, Xian-bo Wang, Yu-juan Chang, Li-li Gu. Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of integrative medicine therapy for treatment of chronic severe hepatitis. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(11): 1211-1228