Evaluation of acute and subacute toxicity of whole-plant aqueous extract of Vernonia mespilifolia Less. in Wistar rats

doi:10.1016/j.joim.2018.07.003

Journal of Integrative Medicine ›› 2018, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (5): 335-341.doi: 10.1016/j.joim.2018.07.003

• Original Experimental Research • Previous Articles Next Articles

Evaluation of acute and subacute toxicity of whole-plant aqueous extract of Vernonia mespilifolia Less. in Wistar rats

Jeremiah Oshiomame Unuofin, Gloria Aderonke Otunola, Anthony Jide Afolayan

Medicinal Plants and Economic Development Research Centre, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

Received:2017-11-29 Accepted:2018-04-25 Online:2018-09-09 Published:2018-07-04
Contact: Jeremiah Oshiomame Unuofin; E-mail: unuofinjeremiah@gmail.com

Abstract

Objective
This study investigated the acute and subacute toxicity of whole-plant aqueous extract of Vernonia mespilifolia Less. (AEVM) in rats for evaluating its safety profile.

Methods

AEVM for the acute (2000 and 5000?mg/kg) and subacute (200, 400 and 600?mg/kg) toxicity studies was administered orally to rats according the guidelines 425 and 407 of Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, respectively. Food and water intake as well as body and organ weight of animals were recorded. Signs of toxicity were assessed, and hematological, biochemical and histopathological analyses were performed.

Results

In the acute toxicity study, a single dose of the aqueous extract at 2000 or 5000?mg/kg caused no mortality in the animals, suggesting that the median lethal dose is greater than 5000?mg/kg. In the subacute toxicity study, administration of the extract for 28?d, at all doses, caused no significant changes in the body weights or organ weights of rats in the treated groups when compared with the control group. In addition, hematological and biochemical parameters also revealed no toxic effects of the extract on rats. Histological sections of the heart, liver and kidney from test animals showed no signs of degeneration.

Conclusion

These results showed that AEVM at dosage levels up to 600?mg/kg is nontoxic and could also offer protection on some body tissues. AEVM could, therefore, be considered safe.

Key words: Vernonia mespilifolia Less., Biochemical parameters, Acute toxicity, Hematological parameters, Subacute toxicity

Jeremiah Oshiomame Unuofin, Gloria Aderonke Otunola, Anthony Jide Afolayan. Evaluation of acute and subacute toxicity of whole-plant aqueous extract of Vernonia mespilifolia Less. in Wistar rats. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2018, 16(5): 335-341.

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http://www.jcimjournal.com/EN/Y2018/V16/I5/335

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Evaluation of acute and subacute toxicity of whole-plant aqueous extract of Vernonia mespilifolia Less. in Wistar rats

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