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Journal of Integrative Medicine ›› 2018, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (6): 396-403.doi: 10.1016/j.joim.2018.08.002

• Original Experimental Research • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Far infrared-emitting ceramics decrease Freund’s adjuvant-induced inflammatory hyperalgesia in mice through cytokine modulation and activation of peripheral inhibitory neuroreceptors

Ralph Fernando Rosas a, b, Aline Armiliato Emer a, b, Ana Paula Batisti a, b, Daniela Dero Ludtke a, b, Bruna Lenfers Turnes a, c, Franciane Bobinski a, b, Francisco José Cidral-Filho a, b, Daniel Fernandes Martins a, b   

  1. a Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), University of Southern Santa Catarina, Palhoça 88137-272, Santa Catarina, Brazil
    b Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Palhoça 88137-272, Santa Catarina, Brazil
    c Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Oxidative Stress (LABOX), Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88049-000, Santa Catarina, Brazil
  • Received:2017-12-12 Accepted:2018-06-22 Online:2018-11-08 Published:2018-08-11
  • Contact: Daniel Fernandes Martins; E-mail: daniel.martins4@unisul.br

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Objective
The present study aimed to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of far infrared-emitting ceramics (cFIRs) in a model of persistent inflammatory hyperalgesia and to elucidate the possible mechanisms of these effects.

Methods

Mice were injected with complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) and treated with cFIRs via placement on a pad impregnated with cFIRs on the bottom of the housing unit for different periods of time. Mice underwent mechanical hyperalgesia and edema assessments, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-10 levels were measured. Twenty-four hours after CFA injection and 30?min before cFIR treatment, mice were pretreated with a nonselective adenosinergic antagonist, caffeine, the selective adenosine receptor A1 antagonist, 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX), the selective cannabinoid receptor type 1 antagonist, AM281, the selective cannabinoid receptor type 2 antagonist, AM630, or the nonselective opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone, and mechanical hyperalgesia was assessed.

Results

cFIRs statistically (P?<?0.05) decreased CFA-induced mechanical hyperalgesia ((82.86?±?5.21)% in control group vs (56.67?±?9.54)% in cFIR group) and edema ((1699.0?±?77.8) μm in control group vs (988.7?±?107.6)?μm in cFIR group). cFIRs statistically (P?<?0.05) reduced TNF-α ((0.478?±?0.072)?pg/mg of protein in control group vs (0.273?±?0.055)?pg/mg of protein in cFIR group) and IL-1β ((95.81?±?3.95)?pg/mg of protein in control group vs (80.61?±?4.71)?pg/mg of protein in cFIR group) levels and statistically (P?<?0.05) increased IL-10 ((18.32?±?0.78)?pg/mg of protein in control group vs (25.89?±?1.23)?pg/mg of protein in cFIR group) levels in post-CFA-injected paws. Peripheral pre-administration of inhibitory neuroreceptor antagonists (caffeine, DPCPX, AM281, AM630 and naloxone) prevented the analgesic effects of cFIRs (P?<?0.05).

Conclusion

These data provide additional support for the use of cFIRs in the treatment of painful inflammatory conditions and contribute to our understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms of the therapeutic effects of cFIRs.

Key words: Adenosine, Cannabinoid, Far infrared-emitting ceramics, Integrative therapy, Inflammatory pain, Opioid receptors

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