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Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine ›› 2009, Vol. 7 ›› Issue (12): 1167-1173.doi: 10.3736/jcim20091215

• Original Experimental Research • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of emodin on cell apoptosis of intestinal mucosa and serum leptin in rats with severe acute pancreatitis

Jian-wen Ninga,Feng Jib,Dan-dong Luob,Chun-yan Yangc,Li-jun Wangd   

  1. a Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
    b Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
    c Outpatient Clinic of Military District, Jinan 251000, Shandong Province, China
    d Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
  • Received:2009-07-21 Accepted:2009-11-05 Online:2009-12-20 Published:2009-12-15
  • Contact: Feng JI E-mail:jifeng1126@sina.com

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Objective

To explore the mechanisms of emodin in protecting intestinal mucosal barrier in rat with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).
Methods

Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham-operation group, untreated group, and emodin group. SAP in rats of the untreated group and the emodin group was induced by retrograde pumping of 3.0% sodium cholate to the common bile duct. Specimens were obtained 24 hours after the severe acute pancreatitis was induced. Serum level of leptin, serum activity of amylase and plasma content of endotoxin were measured. Ileum mucosa from ileocecal junction was observed by light microscopy and electron microscopy to measure pathological and ultrastructural changes. Apoptosis of ileum mucosal cells was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling method, and expression of Bax in ileum mucosal cells was measured by immunohistochemical method.
Results

Compared with the sham-operation group, there was significant increase in the levels of leptin, endotoxin, the activity of amylase, apoptosis index and Bax expression in the untreated group (P<0.01). Compared with the untreated group, the level of endotoxin, apoptotic index and Bax expression level in the emodin group were significantly reduced (P<0.01) and the leptin level was increased (P<0.05). More severe pathological changes appeared in the untreated group than in the sham-operation group under the light and electron microscopes; meanwhile less severe damage was observed in the emodin group as compared with the untreated group.
Conclusion

Emodin can inhibit the apoptosis of intestinal mucosa cells and up-regulate the serum leptin content to protect the intestina1 barrier function and prevent the translocation of bacteria and endotoxin.

Key words: Pancreatitis, Emodin, Apoptosis, Bax, Leptin, Rats

Figure 1

Macropathological change of abdominal cavity in rats after surgery A: Sham-operation group; B: Untreated group; C: Emodin group."

Figure 2

Pathological changes of pancreas in rats observed by light microscopy (HE staining, ×200) A: Sham-operation group; B: Untreated group; C: Emodin group."

Figure 3

Pathological changes of ileum in rats observed by light microscopy (HE staining, ×200) A: Sham-operation group; B: Untreated group; C: Emodin group."

Figure 4

Pathological changes of ileum in rats observed by electron microscopy (acetic acid staining, ×20 000) A: Sham-operation group; B: Untreated group; C: Emodin group."

Table 1

Activity of amylase and contents of endotoxin and leptin in different groups ($\bar{x}$±s)"

Group n Amylase (U/L) Endotoxin (ng/L) Leptin (μg/L)
Sham-operation 20 361.75±105.46 47.80±16.15 1.27±0.17
Untreated 16 3 161.50±913.77** 170.88±19.39** 1.84±0.24**
Edomin 18 2 420.89±559.65**△△ 104.22±23.21**△△ 2.91±0.38**△

Figure 5

Apoptotic cells in ileum of rats observed by light microscopy (TUNEL, ×400) A: Sham-operation group; B: Untreated group; C: Emodin group."

Figure 6

Bax-positive cells in ileum of rats observed by light microscopy (SABC method, ×400) A: Sham-operation group; B: Untreated group; C: Emodin group."

Table 2

Apoptosis index and Bax expression in ileum cells in different groups ($\bar{x}$±s, %)"

Group n Apoptosis index Bax expression
Sham-operation 20 3.49±3.10 4.28±1.44
Untreated 16 29.64±7.21** 55.37±14.35**
Edomin 18 10.37±6.60**△△ 41.18±9.31**△△
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