[an error occurred while processing this directive]

Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine ›› 2012, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (7): 784-792.doi: 10.3736/jcim20120709

• Original Experimental Research • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effectiveness of flavonoid-rich leaf extract of Acalypha indica in reversing experimental myocardial ischemia: biochemical and histopathological evidence

C. Mouli Kalla1,Vijaya Tartte2(),Dattatreya Rao Sirpurkar3   

  1. 1. Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
    2. Department of Botany, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
    3. Department of Shalya, Sri Venkateswara Ayurvedic College, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
  • Received:2012-01-26 Accepted:2012-02-28 Online:2012-07-20 Published:2018-10-20
  • Contact: Vijaya Tartte E-mail:tarttevijaya@yahoo.co.in

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

275

Like

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we investigated the antimyocardial ischemic effects of flavonoid-rich methanolic leaf extract of Acalypha indica (AIE).
METHODS: An animal model of myocardial ischemic injury was induced by isoproterenol (ISO) in adult rats. Albino Wistar rats were pretreated with the AIE (100 and 200 mg/kg body weight orally) for 30 d followed by ISO (85 mg/kg subcutaneously) at an interval of 24 h for 2 d. At the end of the experimental period (12 h after the second dose of ISO injection), rats were sacrificed by anaesthetization with an intramuscular injection of ketamine hydrochloride (24 mg/kg). To ensure anti-ischemic potential of AIE, the plasma lipids such as total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), free fatty acids (FFA), phospholipids (PL), myocardial lipids and hepatic lipids (TC, TG, FFA and PL) were estimated. Histopathology of heart tissue was also examined.
RESULTS: Administration of AIE maintained the levels of plasma lipids in all the treatment groups (100 and 200 mg/kg) when compared with the ISO-injected model rats. Histopathological examination of heart tissue of ISO-administered model rat showed myofiber loss, extensive subendocardial necrosis, infiltration of inflammatory cells, marked myocellular edema and vacuolar degeneration. However, pretreatment with AIE at 200 mg/kg showed predominantly normal myocardium structure with myofibers appeared and no inflammatory cell infiltration, edema and necrosis.
CONCLUSION: The biochemical and histological evidence from this study shows that AIE is protective against ISO-induced myocardial ischemia.

Key words: Acalypha indica, myocardial ischemia, plant extracts, flavonoids, antilipemic agents, rats

"

Group n TC (mg/L) TAG (mg/L) HDL-C (mg/L) LDL-C (mg/L) VLDL-C (mg/L)
Control 6 7.475±0.614 5.278±0.327 4.278±0.324 2.141±0.831 1.055±0.065
Model (isoproterenol 85 mg/kg) 6 10.758±0.919* 7.293±0.577* 3.078±0.226* 6.261±0.705* 1.458±0.115*
Isoproterenol plus AIE (100 g/kg) 6 9.256±0.646△ 5.958±0.323△ 4.516±0.305△ 3.548±0.481△ 1.191±0.064△
Isoproterenol plus AIE (200 g/kg) 6 8.573±0.585△ 5.381±0.291△ 4.348±0.253△ 3.148±0.649△ 1.076±0.058△
Group n FFA (mg/L) PL (mg/L) AIP Non-HDL-C (mg/L)
Control 6 5.018±0.357 8.035±0.622 –0.027±0.005 3.196±0.854
Model (isoproterenol 85 mg/kg) 6 6.881±0.639* 11.961±1.068* 0.001±0.004* 7.680±0.768*
Isoproterenol plus AIE (100 g/kg) 6 5.913±0.391△ 8.886±0.787△ –0.024±0.002△ 4.740±0.507△
Isoproterenol plus AIE (200 g/kg) 6 5.348±0.344△ 7.468±0.525△ –0.022±0.000△ 4.220±0.626△

"

Group n Myocardial lipids
Total cholesterol TAG FFA PL
Control 6 3.56±0.12 3.74±0.11 3.95±0.16 13.04±1.41
Model (isoproterenol 85 mg/kg) 6 4.94±0.10* 5.49±0.18* 5.02±0.20* 9.31±0.92*
Isoproterenol plus AIE (100 g/kg) 6 4.21±0.19△ 4.61±0.16△ 4.52±0.16△ 12.26±1.05△
Isoproterenol plus AIE (200 g/kg) 6 3.82±0.11△ 4.36±0.12△ 4.11±0.18△ 11.83±1.06△
Group n Hepatic lipids
Total cholesterol TAG FFA PL
Control 6 4.28±0.26 4.68±0.28 6.59±0.34 20.11±1.60
Model (isoproterenol 85 mg/kg) 6 5.81±0.23* 6.62±0.25* 11.02±1.01* 14.28±1.13*
Isoproterenol plus AIE (100 g/kg) 6 5.14±0.19△ 5.83±0.19△ 7.93±0.49△ 17.18±1.32△
Isoproterenol plus AIE (200 g/kg) 6 4.91±0.17△ 5.21±0.27△ 7.47±0.33△ 16.49±1.21△

Figure 1

Photomicrographs showing histopathology of heart tissue in rats by hematoxylin-eosin staining (Light microscopy, ×40) A: Normal struefure of myocardium of rats in the control group; B: Extensive myocardial necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration in model group; C: Myocardium with the presence of sparse inflammatory cells and focal edema in AIE 100 mg/kg group; D: Myocardium in AIE 200 mg/kg group. Figures are representative of at least four independent experiments. AIE: Acalypha indica extract."

[1] Shimokawa H, Yasuda S . Myocardial ischemia: current concepts and future perspectives[J]. J Cardiol, 2008,52(2):67-78
doi: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2008.07.016 pmid: 18922380
[2] Abhilash PA, Nisha P, Prathapan A, Nampoothiri SV, Lijo Cherian O, Sunitha TK, Raghu KG . Cardioprotective effects of aqueous extract of Oxalis corniculata in experimental myocardial infarction[J]. Exp Toxicol Pathol, 2011,63(6):535-540
doi: 10.1016/j.etp.2010.04.004
[3] Smith GD, Shipley MJ, Marmot MG, Rose G . Plasma cholesterol concentration and mortality. The Whitehall Study[J]. JAMA, 1992,267(1):70-76
doi: 10.1001/jama.1992.03480010078028
[4] Grimm D, Elsner D, Schunkert H, Pfeifer M, Griese D, Bruckschlegel G, Muders F, Riegger GA, Kromer EP . Development of heart failure following isoproterenol administration in the rat: role of the renin-angiotensin system[J]. Cardiovas Res, 1998,37(1):91-100
doi: 10.1016/S0008-6363(97)00212-5
[5] Nair PS, Shyamala Devi CS . Efficacy of mangiferin on serum and heart tissue lipids in rats subjected to isoproterenol induced cardiotoxicity[J]. Toxicology, 2006,228(2-3):135-139
doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2006.08.030
[6] Bandyopadhyay D, Chattopadhyay A, Ghosh G, Datta AG . Oxidative stress-induced ischemic heart disease: protection by antioxidants[J]. Curr Med Chem, 2004,11(3):369-387
doi: 10.2174/0929867043456016 pmid: 14965238
[7] Young IS, Woodside JV . Antioxidants in health and disease[J]. J Clin Pathol, 2001,54(3):176-186
doi: 10.1136/jcp.54.3.176 pmid: 1731363
[8] Kirtikar KR ,Basu BD. Indian medicinal plant. Vol Ⅲ. 2nd ed[M]. Dehradun: International Book Distributors, 1999: 2262-2263
[9] Raj J ,Singh KP. Acalypha indica. CCRH Q Bull. 2000; 22(1-2): 1-6.
[10] Nahrstedt A, Hungeling M ,Petereit F. Flavonoids from Acalypha indica. Fitoterapia. 2006; 77(6): 484-486.
doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2006.04.007
[11] Jia Z, Tang M, Wu J . The determination of flavonoids content in mulberry and scavenging effect on superoxide radicals[J]. Food Chem, 1999,64(4):555-559
doi: 10.1016/S0308-8146(98)00102-2
[12] Senthil S, Sridevi M, Pugalendi KV . Cardioprotective effect of oleanolic acid on isoproterenol-induced myocardial ischemia in rats[J]. Toxicol Pathol, 2007,35(3):418-423
doi: 10.1080/01926230701230312 pmid: 17455091
[13] Suri R, Abu Bakar H, Noor Rehan A, Rosnah O, Normah A . Preliminary studies on the analysis of fatty acids, essential oils and flavonoids in Acalypha indica L. J Trop Agric Food Sci. 2004; 32(2): 163-169.
[14] Zilversmit DB, Davis AK . Microdetermination of plasma phospholipids by trichloroacetic acid precipitation[J]. J Lab Clin Med, 1950,35(1):155-160
doi: 10.1038/jid.1950.128 pmid: 15400638
[15] Falholt K, Lund B, Falholt W . An easy colorimetric micromethod for routine determination of free fatty acids in plasma[J]. Clin Chim Acta, 1973,46(2):105-111
doi: 10.1016/0009-8981(73)90016-8 pmid: 4745354
[16] Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS . Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge[J]. Clin Chem, 1972,18(6):449-502
[17] Folch J, Lees M, Sloane Stanley GH . A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues[J]. J Biol Chem, 1957,226(1):497-509
[18] Zlatkis A, Zak B, Boyle AJ . A new method for the direct determination of serum cholesterol[J]. J Lab Clin Med, 1953,41(3):486-492
doi: 10.1136/jcp.18.6.824 pmid: 13035283
[19] Foster LB, Dunn RT . Stable reagents for determination of serum triglycerides by a colorimetric Hantzsch condensation method[J]. Clin Chem, 1973,19(3):338-340
[20] Fiske CH ,Subbarow Y. The colorimetric determination of phosphorus[J]. J Biol Chem, 1925, 66: 375-400
doi: 10.2307/1536654 pmid: 16744823
[21] Rajadurai M , Stanely Mainzen Prince P. Preventive effect of naringin on lipids, lipoproteins and lipid metabolic enzymes in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in Wistar rats[J]. J Biochem Mol Toxicol, 2006,20(4):191-197
doi: 10.1002/(ISSN)1099-0461
[22] Langin D . Control of fatty acid and glycerol release in adipose tissue lipolysis[J]. C R Biol, 2006,329(8):598-607
doi: 10.1016/j.crvi.2005.10.008 pmid: 16860278
[23] Sharma M, Kishore K, Gupta SK, Joshi S, Arya DS . Cardioprotective potential of Ocimum sanctum in isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction in rats[J]. Mol Cell Biochem, 2001,225(1-2):75-83
doi: 10.1023/A:1012220908636
[24] Raju K, Balaraman R, Hariprasad A, Vinoth Kumar M, Ali A . Cardioprotective effect of Momordica cymbalaria Fenzl in rats with isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury[J]. J Clin Diagn Res, 2008,2(1):699-705
[25] Zhao SP, Xu DY . Oxidized lipoprotein(a) increases the expression of platelet-derived growth factor-B in human umbilical vein endothelial cells[J]. Clin Chim Acta, 2000,296(1-2):121-133
doi: 10.1016/S0009-8981(00)00214-X
[26] Sheela Sasikumar C, Shyamala Devi CS . Protective effect of Abana, a poly-herbal formulation, on isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats[J]. Indian J Pharmacol, 2000,32(3):198-201
[27] Ravi K, Rajasekaran S, Subramanian S . Antihyperlipidemic effect of Eugenia jambolana seed kernel on streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats[J]. Food Chem Toxicol, 2005,43(9):1433-1439
doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2005.04.004
[28] Ng TKW, Teh CB, Vidyadaran MK, Tee ES, Thong ML, Kandiah M, Ehalid AH . A critical evaluation of high density lipoprotein cholesterol as an index of coronary artery disease risk in Malaysians[J]. Mal J Nutr, 1997,3(1):61-70
[29] Zou Y, Lu Y, Wei D . Hypocholesterolemic effects of a flavonoid-rich extract of Hypericum perforatum L. in rats fed a cholesterol-rich diet[J]. J Agric Food Chem, 2005,53(7):2462-2466
doi: 10.1021/jf048469r
[30] Fan C, Yan J, Qian Y, Wo X, Gao L . Regulation of lipoprotein lipase expression by effect of hawthorn flavonoids on peroxisome proliferator response element pathway[J]. J Pharmacol Sci, 2006,100(1):51-58
doi: 10.1254/jphs.FP0050748
[31] Guo L, Hu WR, Lian JH, Ji W, Deng T, Qian M, Gong BQ . Anti-hyperlipidemic properties of CM108(a flavone derivative) in vitro and in vivo[J]. Eur J Pharmacol, 2006,551(1-3):80-86
doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.08.048 pmid: 17026988
[32] Vijaya Padma V, Shyamala Devi CS, Ramkumar KM . Effect of fish oil pretreatment on isoproterenol-induced changes in myocardial membrane phospholipids[J]. Nutrition, 2006,22(11-12):1171-1176
doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2006.08.010
[33] Reddy BV, Sivagama Sundari J, Balamurugan E, Menon VP . Antihyperlipidemic effect of bis-1,7-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione, a curcumin analog, on nicotine and streptozotocin treated rats[J]. Mol Cell Biochem, 2010,335(1-2):249-254
doi: 10.1007/s11010-009-0274-3
[34] Dobiásǒová M, Frohlich J . The plasma parameter log(TG/HDL-C) as an atherogenic index: correlation with lipoprotein particle size and esterification rate in apoB-lipoprotein-depleted plasma(FERHDL)[J]. Clin Biochem, 2001,34(7):583-588
doi: 10.1016/S0009-9120(01)00263-6
[35] Shaw EB, Carter JB, McMaster KR, Daniel BW, Moffatt JE, Armstrong WR, Jones RO ,Spalding JM. Non-HDL cholesterol[J]. Clin Pathol News Med Commun, 2009, 11: 1-2
[36] Venter H, Genade S, Mouton R, Huisamen B, Harper IS, Lochner A . Myocardial membrane cholesterol: effects of ischaemia[J]. J Mol Cell Cardiol, 1991,23(11):1271-1286
doi: 10.1016/0022-2828(91)90084-Y pmid: 1803018
[37] Prince PS, Rajadurai M . Preventive effect of Aegle marmelos leaf extract on isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in rats: biochemical evidence[J]. J Pharm Pharmacol, 2005,57(10):1353-1357
doi: 10.1211/jpp.57.10.0015
[38] Paritha IA, Shyamala DCS . Effect of α-tocopherol on isoproterenol-induced changes in lipid and lipoprotein profile in rats[J]. Indian J Pharmacol, 1997,29(6):399-404
[39] Yotsumoto H, Yanagita T, Yamamoto K, Ogawa Y, Cha JY, Mori Y . Inhibitory effects of oren-gedoku-to and its components on cholesteryl ester synjournal in cultured human hepatocyte HepG2 cells: evidence from the cultured HepG2 cells and in vitro assay of ACAT[J]. Planta Med, 1997,63(2):141-145
doi: 10.1055/s-2006-957631
[40] Igarashi K, Ohmuma M . Effects of isorhamnetin, rhamnetin, and quercetin on the concentrations of cholesterol and lipoperoxide in the serum and liver and on the blood and liver antioxidative enzyme activities of rats[J]. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem, 1995,59(4):595-601
doi: 10.1271/bbb.59.595
[41] Bok SH, Lee SH, Park YB, Bae KH, Son KH, Jeong TS, Choi MS . Plasma and hepatic cholesterol and hepatic activities of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase and acyl CoA: cholesterol transferase are lower in rats fed citrus peel extract or a mixture of citrus bioflavonoids[J]. J Nutr, 1999,129(6):1182-1185
doi: 10.1093/jn/129.6.1182
[42] Teli MR, James OF, Burt AD, Bennett MK, Day CP . The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver: a follow-up study[J]. Hepatology, 1995,22(6):1714-1719
doi: 10.1002/hep.1840220616 pmid: 7489979
[43] Feldstein AE, Werneburg NW, Canbay A, Guicciardi ME, Bronk SF, Rydzewski R, Burgart LJ, Gores GJ . Free fatty acids promote hepatic lipotoxicity by stimulating TNF-α expression via a lysosomal pathway[J]. Hepatology, 2004,40(1):185-194
doi: 10.1002/hep.v40:1
[44] Nassuato G, Iemmolo RM, Strazzabosco M, Lirussi F, Deana R, Francesconi MA, Muraca M, Passera D, Fragasso A, Orlando R, Csomós G , Okolicsanyi L . Effect of Silibinin on biliary lipid composition. Experimental and clinical study[J]. J Hepatol, 1991,12(3):290-295
doi: 10.1016/0168-8278(91)90829-Z pmid: 1940257
[45] Borradaile NM, Carroll KK, Kurowska EM . Regulation of HepG2 cell apolipoprotein B metabolism by the citrus flavanones hesperetin and naringenin[J]. Lipids, 1999,34(6):591-598
doi: 10.1007/s11745-999-0403-7
[46] Johannsen TH, Kamstrup PR, Andersen RV, Jensen GB, Sillesen H, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Nordestgaard BG . Hepatic lipase, genetically elevated high-density lipoprotein, and risk of ischemic cardiovascular disease[J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2009,94(4):1264-1273
doi: 10.1210/jc.2008-1342
[1] Na Wu , Lu Song , Xin-xin Yang, Jiang-lei Wei , Zhen-guo Liu. Effects of Chinese herbal medicine Tianqi Pingchan Granule on G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6 involved in the prevention of levodopa-induced dyskinesia in rats with Parkinson disease. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(9): 1018-1024.
[2] Lawrence A. Olatunji, Taofeek O. Usman, Joseph O. Adebayo, Victoria A. Olatunji . Effects of aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa on renal Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activities in Wistar rats. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(9): 1049-1055.
[3] Dhirender Kaushik, Ajay Kumar, Pawan Kaushik, Avatar C. Rana. Anticonvulsant activity of alcoholic extract of bark of Pinus roxburghii Sarg. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(9): 1056-1060.
[4] Chan Chen, Chang-xun Chen, Xi-min Wu, Rui Wang, Yi-ming Li. Effects of extracts of Radix Scrophulariae on blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats and the underlying mechanisms. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(9): 1009-1017.
[5] Jian-sheng Li, Ya Li, Su-yun Li, Yuan-yuan Wang, Li Deng, Yan-ge Tian, Su-li Jiang , Ying Wang. Long-term effects of Tiaobu Feishen therapies on systemic and local inflammation responses in rats with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(9): 1039-1048.
[6] Karuna A. Talpate, Uma A. Bhosale, Mandar R. Zambare. Clitorea ternatea, a herb from Indian folklore, improves streptozotocin-induced diabetes and diabetes-induced cognitive decline in rats. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(8): 939-947.
[7] Samuel Joshua Pragasam, Vachana Murunikara, Evan Prince Sabina, Mahaboobkhan Rasool. Antiperoxidative potential of p-coumaric acid, a common dietary phenol, in adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(8): 932-938.
[8] Zi-hui Li, Jian Wang, Rong-lin Cai, You-wen Wang, Jian-peng Hu. Establishment and evaluation of a rat model of ulcerative colitis with syndrome of dampness stagnancy due to spleen deficiency. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(8): 918-924.
[9] Meng Li, Ling Hu, Rong-lin Cai, Zi-jian Wu, Ke-ming Wang. Effects of electro-acupuncture at PC6 and BL15 on nerve electrical activity in spinal dorsal root and norepinephrine and dopamine contents in paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus in rats with acute myocardial ischemia. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(8): 874-879.
[10] Xin-min Li, Hui Chen, Yan-yan Ren, Yan-li Lu. Effects of Chinese herbal medicine Xifeng Capsule on multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 expression in hippocampus and cortex of rats with lithium-pilocarpine-induced epilepsy. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(8): 911-917.
[11] Hong Wang , Jing-tian Ou , Xin Zhao , Ying Guoz , Hao-ping Mao. Vasodilator effect of oroxylin A on thoracic aorta isolated from rats. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(8): 880-885.
[12] Sumitra Singh, Rupinder Kaur, Surendra Kr. Sharma. An updated review on the Oenothera genus. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(7): 717-725.
[13] Feng Xin-ying, Zhu Min, Zhang Qi-qi, Chen Yi-ping, Li Wen-wei. Selective protection of nigral dopaminergic neurons by echinacoside in a rat model of Parkinson disease induced by rotenone. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(7): 777-783.
[14] Chuan Chen, Hui-ying Chi, Zhi-hua Yu, Jiu-lin Chen . Effects of Chinese herbal medicine Shoushen Granule on telomere length and telomerase activity of peripheral white blood cells and vascular cells in rats with atherosclerosis. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(6): 667-673.
[15] Hui-qing Zhang , Zi-fei Yin , Jia-yu Sheng , Zhu-qian Jiang , Bao-yu Wu , Yong-hua Su. A comparison study of pharmacokinetics between bufalin-loaded bovine serum albumin nanoparticles and bufalin in rats. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(6): 674-680.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
[1] Dong Yang, Yong-ping Du, Qing Shen, Wei Chen, Yan Yu, Guang-lei Chen. Expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin in renal tubulointerstitium in patients with kidney collateral stasis. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2008, 6(1): 41-44
[2] Hai-feng Wei, Bai-liu Ya, Ling Zhao, Cui-fei Ye, Li Zhang, Lin Li. Evaluation of tongue manifestation of blood stasis syndrome and its relationship with blood rheological disorder in a rat model of transient brain ischemia. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2008, 6(1): 73-76
[3] Xi Lin, Jian-ping Liu. Herbal medicines for viral myocarditis. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2008, 6(1): 76
[4] Xi Lin, Jian-ping Liu. Tai chi for treating rheumatoid arthritis. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2008, 6(1): 82
[5] Liang-ping Hu, Hui Gao. Discrimination of errors in statistical analysis of medical papers published in the first issue of 2006 in Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2008, 6(1): 98-106
[6] Yan-bo Zhu , Qi Wang, Cheng-yu Wu, Guo-ming Pang, Jian-xiong Zhao, Shi-lin Shen, Zhong-yuan Xia , Xue Yan . Logistic regression analysis on relationships between traditional Chinese medicine constitutional types and overweight or obesity. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2010, 8(11): 1023-1035
[7] Wei Xu, Meng Shi, Jian-gang Liu, Cheng-long Wang . Collagen protein expressions in ischemic myocardium of rats with acute myocardial infarction and effects of qi-tonifying, yin-tonifying and blood-activating herbs and detoxifying and blood-activating herbs. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2010, 8(11): 1041-1047
[8] Tao Wang , Feng Qin. Effects of Chinese herbal medicine Xiaoyao Powder on monoamine neurotransmitters in hippocampus of rats with postpartum depression. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2010, 8(11): 1075-1079
[9] Ying Xu , Chang-chun Zeng , Xiu-yu Cai , Rong-ping Guo , Guang Nie , Ying Jin. Chromaticity and optical spectrum colorimetry of the tongue color in different syndromes of primary hepatic carcinoma. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(11): 1263-1271
[10] Xiang-ying Mao , Qin Bian , Zi-yin Shen. Analysis of the osteogenetic effects exerted on mesenchymal stem cell strain C3H10T1/2 by icariin via MAPK signaling pathway in vitro. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(11): 1272-1278
[an error occurred while processing this directive]