[an error occurred while processing this directive]

Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine ›› 2009, Vol. 7 ›› Issue (7): 657-660.doi: 10.3736/jcim20090710

• Original Experimental Research • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Estrogen-like effects of saikosaponin-d in mice

Yong Lia,Peng Wanga,Jian-lin Renb, Dong-ying Yuanc,Shou-yi Yinc   

  1. a Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, China
    b Department of Medical Information, Shanghai Medical Information Center, Shanghai 200031, China
    c Department of Basic Theories of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences,Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
  • Received:2009-03-24 Accepted:2009-05-14 Online:2009-07-20 Published:2009-07-15
  • Contact: Yong Li E-mail:liyong8855@gmail.com

RichHTML

2

PDF (PC)

109

Cited

14

Like

Objective

To investigate whether saikosaponin-d (SSd) had estrogen-like effects in mice.

Methods

Forty female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into sham-operated group, untreated group, estradiol (E2) group, low-dose SSd (5 mg/kg) group and high-dose SSd (50 mg/kg) group, with 8 mice in each group. Except the sham-operated group, bilateral ovariectomy was performed in the mice under anesthesia with 1.25% pentobarbital (40 mg/kg). Ten days after the operation, the mice were administered with corresponding medicine by intraperitoneal injection once each day. Two weeks later, the rates of epithelial cornified cells of vagina in the mice were examined, and the body weights, uterus weights and adrenal weights were also measured. Twelve hours after the final administration, serum estradiol levels were tested by radioimmunoassay.
Results

The rates of epithelial cornified cells of vagina in mice in the high-dose SSd group and the low-dose SSd group were higher than that in the untreated group (P<0.05), but were lower than that in the E2 group (P<0.05). Serum E2 levels of mice in the SSd groups were higher than that in the untreated group (P<0.05), but the serum E2 level of the low-dose SSd group was lower than that in the E2 group (P<0.05). Uterus and adrenal indexes of mice in the SSd groups were higher than that in the untreated group (P<0.05), however, they were lower than that in the E2 group (P<0.05). The body weights of the mice in the high-dose SSd group and the E2 group were lower than that in the untreated group (P<0.05).
Conclusion

SSd has weak estrogen-like effects in mice and may be a potential phytoestrogen.

Key words: Saikosaponin-d, Phytoestrogen, Estrogen, Mice

Figure 1

Vaginal smear of mice in untreated group (Light microscopy, ×100) A: The fifth day after bilateral ovariectomy (epithelial cornified cells of vagina); B: The tenth day after bilateral ovariectomy."

Table 1

Rates of epithelial cornified cells of vagina and serum E2 levels in mice in five groups （$\bar{x}$±s）"

Group n Rate of epithelial
cornified cells (％)		 Serum E2 (ng/L)
Sham-operated 8 75.1±10.2 33.77±5.89
Untreated 8 15.3±3.2* 18.97±3.80*
E2 8 64.1±12.7*△ 32.30±5.65△
SSd (50 mg/kg) 8 31.8±11.4*△ 30.38±4.24△
SSd (5 mg/kg) 8 18.8±5.1* 27.11±4.85△▲

Table 2

Uterus and adrenal indexes of mice in five groups （$\bar{x}$±s, mg/g）"

Group n Uterus index Adrenal index
Sham-operated 8 2.51±0.15 0.163±0.011
Untreated 8 1.16±0.14* 0.107±0.013*
E2 8 2.26±0.15*△ 0.176±0.017*△
SSd (50 mg/kg) 8 1.96±0.13*△▲ 0.133±0.012*△▲
SSd (5 mg/kg) 8 1.71±0.13*△▲ 0.112±0.016*△▲

Table 3

Weight growth of mice in five groups （$\bar{x}$±s, g）"

Group n Increased body weight
1st week 2nd week
Sham-operated 8 3.21±0.73 2.16±0.73
Untreated 8 4.07±0.70 2.47±0.85
E2 8 3.51±1.32 1.07±0.82*△
SSd (50 mg/kg) 8 2.81±1.02△ 2.77±1.01
SSd (5 mg/kg) 8 3.88±1.04 2.13±0.89

Table 4

Body weights of mice in five groups before and after treatment （$\bar{x}$±s, g）"

Group n Body weight
Before treatment After treatment Difference
Sham-operated 8 16.08±0.70 21.45±1.21 5.37±1.27
Untreated 8 16.06±0.80 22.60±0.72 6.54±0.78
E2 8 16.13±0.55 20.71±1.04 4.58±1.22△
SSd (50 mg/kg) 8 15.97±0.76 21.55±1.01 5.58±1.03△
SSd (5 mg/kg) 8 16.10±0.70 22.11±1.42 6.01±0.75
[1] Zhu S, Shimokawa S, Shoyama Y, Tanaka H . A novel analytical ELISA-based methodology for pharmacologically active saikosaponins[J]. Fitoterapia, 2006,77(2):100-108
doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2005.11.005 pmid: 16376495
[2] Morinaga O, Zhu S, Tanaka H, Shoyama Y . Visual detection of saikosaponins by on-membrane immunoassay and estimation of traditional Chinese medicines containing Bupleuri radix[J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2006,346(3):687-692
doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.05.129
[3] Miao MS. Experimental animal and animal experimental technique[M]. Beijing: Chinese Press of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1997: 165-166
苗明三 . 实验动物和动物实验技术[M]. 北京: 中国中医药出版社, 1997: 165-166
[4] Xu YX, Shi HB . Effects of Fule granule on ovariectomized rats with yin deficiency and internal heat syndrome[J]. Zhong Cao Yao, 2004,35(10):1161-1163
doi: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2004.10.2004010556
徐亚香, 师海波 . 妇乐颗粒对去卵巢拟阴虚内热大鼠的影响[J]. 中草药, 2004,35(10):1161-1163
doi: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2004.10.2004010556
[5] Filippatos TD, Liberopoulos EN, Pavlidis N, Elisaf MS, Mikhailidis DP . Effects of hormonal treatment on lipids in patients with cancer[J]. Cancer Treat Rev, 2009,35(2):175-184
doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2008.09.007 pmid: 19013720
[6] Zhang XX, Liu S, Xue XH . Progress in research on Chinese herbs with estrogen-like effects[J]. J Chin Integr Med, 2005,3(2):149-153
doi: 10.3736/jcim20050219
张晓晓, 刘胜, 薛晓红 . 具有雌激素类似作用的中药研究进展[J]. 中西医结合学报, 2005,3(2):149-153
doi: 10.3736/jcim20050219
[7] Shi SF, Yu CQ . Progress in research on phytoestrogens and their effect targets[J]. J Chin Integr Med, 2005,3(5):408-410
石书芳, 俞超芹 . 植物雌激素及其作用靶点的研究进展[J]. 中西医结合学报, 2005,3(5):408-410
[8] Yang M, Ji H, Dai SJ, Fu FH . Effects of sarsasapogenin on endocrine and anti-oxidation function in ovariectomized rats[J]. Zhong Cao Yao, 2007,38(2):245-247
杨茗, 季晖, 戴胜军, 傅风华 . 菝葜皂苷元对去卵巢大鼠内分泌及抗氧化功能的影响[J]. 中草药, 2007,38(2):245-247
[9] Wu ZX, Wang XH, Liu H, Deng HZ . Effects of the mixture of Rhizoma Curcumae and Oviducts Ranae on estrogen and its receptor expressions in ovariectomized rats[J]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao, 2008,28(5):746-749
吴朝霞, 王晓华, 刘桦, 邓虹珠 . 莪术、哈蟆油对去势后大鼠雌激素水平及受体表达的影响[J]. 南方医科大学学报, 2008,28(5):746-749
[10] Dobashi I, Tozawa F, Horiba N, Sakai Y, Sakai K, Suda T . Central administration of saikosaponin-d increases corticotrophin-releasing factor mRNA levels in the rat hypothalamus[J]. Neurosci Lett, 1995,197(3):235-238
doi: 10.1016/0304-3940(95)11933-N
[1] Mei-jiao Mao, Jun-ping Hu, Cong Wang, Yi-yi Zhang, Ping Liu. Effects of Chinese herbal medicine Guanxinkang on expression of PPARγ-LXRα-ABCA1 pathway in ApoE-knockout mice with atherosclerosis. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(7): 814-820.
[2] Lin Wang, Guan-liang Wang, Jia-han Liu, Di Li, De-zeng Zhu, Liang-neng Wu . Effects of ursolic acid in ameliorating insulin resistance in liver of KKAy mice via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α and γ. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(7): 793-799.
[3] Yi-tao Zhao , Xin-guang Zhang , Li Bai , Li-qing Li , Jian-er Yu . Effects of Chinese herbal medicine Pingchuan Formula on airway inflammation, interferon-γ and interleukin-4 in mice with asthma. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(7): 807-813.
[4] Dong-mei Zhang, Li-xia Lou, Ai-ming Wu, Xi-ying Lü, Zhao-juan Hu, Yan-hong Zhang, Hong-fang Liu. Effects of Astragalus membranaceus and Potentilla discolor mixture on insulin resistance and its related mRNA expressions in KKAy mice with type 2 diabetes. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(7): 821-826.
[5] Jing Guo, Ju-yong Wang, Zhan Zheng, Qing Wang, Chang-sheng Dong . Effects of Chinese herbal medicine Feiyanning Decoction on the ratio of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells and expression of transcription factor Foxp3 in mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(5): 584-590.
[6] Surendra Kr. Sharma, Naveen Goyal. Protective effect of Heliotropium eichwaldi against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in mice. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(5): 555-560.
[7] Zhan gheng, Ju-yong Wang, Qing Wang, Ling Xu, Zhen-ye Xu. Effects of Chinese herbal medicine Feiyanning decoction on expressions of nucleosome conformation-regulating factors H3-K56, Rtt109, Asf1 and E2F1 in Lewis-bearing mice. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(4): 448-453.
[8] Mahmoudian Alireza, Rajaei Ziba, Haghir Hossein, Banihashemian Shahaboldin, Hami Javad. Effects of valerian consumption during pregnancy on cortical volume and the levels of zinc and copper in the brain tissue of mouse fetus. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(4): 424-429.
[9] Gang Guo, Jian-hua Xu, Jian-hong Han, Fang Liang, Yong Zhang, Qiang Zhang, Jue Sun, Zhong-ze Fan . Chinese herbal decoction Shiquan Dabu Tang inhibits tumor growth and angiogenesis of metastasis after primary tumor surgical removal in mice. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(4): 436-447.
[10] Meenakshi Sundaram, Satyajit Patra, Gunasingham Maniarasu. Antitumor activity of ethanol extract of Gracilaria edulis (Gmelin) Silva on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing mice. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(4): 430-435.
[11] Gao Shan, Wang Xing-hui, Huang Ling-ling, Yu Ting-ting, Du Su-ming, Guo Yan-wei, Jia Yuan, Wang Jian. Effects of a compound Chinese medicine Xinji’erkang on isoproterenol-induced ventricular remodeling in mice. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(3): 330-336.
[12] Rahmatullah Mohammed, Kanij Hasan Sumaiyah, Ali Zulfiquar, Rahman Shahnaz, Jahan Rownak. Antihyperglycemic and antinociceptive activities of methanolic extract of Euphorbia thymifolia L. whole plants. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(2): 228-232.
[13] Hosseini Mahmoud, Jafarianheris Taha, Seddighi Navid, Parvaneh Mohammad, Ghorbani Ahmad, Reza Sadeghnia Hamid, Rakhshandeh Hassan. Effects of different extracts of Eugenia caryophyllata on pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in mice. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(12): 1476-1481.
[14] Su-fang Zhang, Chang-quan Ling , Bai Li, Hong-yun Chen , Zhe Chen. Effects of Sisheng Decoction on the immunity and anti-stress function in mice with spleen deficiency syndrome. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(12): 1465-1469.
[15] Samadder Asmita, Das Jayeeta, Das Sreemanti, Das Durba, De Arnab, Bhadra Kakali, Rahman Khuda-Bukhsh Anisur. Dihydroxy-isosteviol methyl ester of Pulsatilla nigricans extract reduces arsenic-induced DNA damage in testis cells of male mice: Its toxicity, drug-DNA interaction and signaling cascades. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(12): 1433-1442.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
[1] Wei-xiong Liang. Problems-solving strategies in clinical treatment guideline for traditional Chinese medicine and integrative medicine. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2008, 6(1): 1-4
[2] Zhao-guo Li. Discussion on English translation of commonly used sentences in traditional Chinese medicine: part one. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2008, 6(1): 107-110
[3] Jun Hu, Jian-ping Liu. Non-invasive physical treatments for chronic/recurrent headache. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2008, 6(1): 31
[4] Xue-mei Liu, Qi-fu Huang, Yun-ling Zhang, Jin-li Lou, Hong-sheng Liu, Hong Zheng. Effects of Tribulus terrestris L. saponion on apoptosis of cortical neurons induced by hypoxia-reoxygenation in rats. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2008, 6(1): 45-50
[5] . Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals: Writing and editing for biomedical publication (Chinese version, part two). Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2010, 8(11): 1001-1005
[6] Daniel Weber, Janelle M Wheat, Geoffrey M Currie. Inflammation and cancer: Tumor initiation, progression and metastasis,and Chinese botanical medicines. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2010, 8(11): 1006-1013
[7] Hong Liu , Guo-liang Zhang, Li Shen , Zhen Zeng, Bao-luo Zhou, Cheng-hai Liu, Guang Nie . Application and evaluation of a pseudotyped virus assay for screening herbs for anti-H5Nl avian influenza virus. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2010, 8(11): 1036-1040
[8] Zhao-guo Li . A discussion of English translation of 1995 and 1997 Chinese National Standards of Traditional Chinese Medical Terminologies for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2010, 8(11): 1090-1096
[9] Rui Jin, Bing Zhang. A complexity analysis of Chinese herbal property theory: the multiple formations of herbal property (Part 1). Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(11): 1198-1205
[10] Hui-min Liu, Xian-bo Wang, Yu-juan Chang, Li-li Gu. Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of integrative medicine therapy for treatment of chronic severe hepatitis. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(11): 1211-1228
[an error occurred while processing this directive]