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Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine ›› 2011, Vol. 9 ›› Issue (12): 1380-1387.doi: 10.3736/jcim20111216

• Original Experimental Research • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Seeds of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels: potential for islet regeneration in experimental diabetes

Menakshi Bhat Dusane, Bimba N. Joshi()   

  1. Biometry and Nutrition Group, Animal Science Division, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune 411004, India
  • Received:2011-07-18 Accepted:2011-09-16 Online:2011-12-20 Published:2011-12-15

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Objective: The present study deals with the islet-regenerative potential of purified fraction of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels seeds (SC2) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice.
Methods: Diabetes was induced in Swiss mice by single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (120 mg/kg). The treatment group mice were treated by administering oral dose of isolated SC2 fraction of S.cumini (2 g/L) for 21 d. Blood glucose level and body weight measurements were conducted regularly during the 21 d. On the 20th day of the experiment, oral glucose tolerance test was performed on overnight fasted mice. Experimental mice were sacrificed at the end of the treatment and tissues were separated. The liver glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity and contents of hepatic and muscle glycogens were measured; levels of plasma insulin and C-peptide were also measured.
Results: SC2-treated mice showed sustained reversal in experimental diabetes as evidenced by restoration of normoglycemia, increases in G6PD and hepatic and muscle glycogens along with increases in plasma insulin and C-peptide levels. The occurrence of neo-islets in histological studies suggested regenerative property of SC2. These neo-islets were found to be producing insulin in in vivo STZ-induced diabetic mice.
Conclusion: These findings substantiate the action of SC2 fraction isolated from S.cumini seeds in islet regeneration and insulin secretion. Such regenerative approaches, in combination with other therapeutic strategies may provide a better means for the control and management of diabetes in the future.

Key words: diabetes mellitus, experimental, Syzygium, plant extracts, hypoglycemic agents, islets of Langerhans, mice

Figure 1

HPLC chromatogram of SC2 fraction HPLC chromatogram of SC2 fraction using semipreparative HPLC system using C18 column (25 cm × 10 mm; 5 μm particle size) in acetonitrile-water (80∶20 volume ratio) solvent system. HPLC: high-performance liquid chromatography; SC2: purified fraction of Syzygium cumini."

"

Group n Fasting blood glucose level (mg/L)
0 min 30 min 60 min 90 min 120 min
Normal control 6 820.0±91.2 1 400.0±87.6 1 320.0±82.5 1 150.0±85.6 830.0±75.6
Diabetic control 6 4 560.0±102.3** 4 760.0±112.5** 4 630.0±104.5** 4 710.0±112.5** 4 810.0±123.5**
SC2 treatment 6 840.0±92.5 890.0±91.2 1 100.0±78.6 1 030.0±81.6 980.0±86.9

"

Group n G6PD (U/mg) Glycogen (μg/L)
Hepatic Muscle Plasma insulin (ng/L) Plasma C-peptide (μg/L)
Normal control 6 0.013 0±0.000 1 70±2 91±4 130±10 10.79±1.23
Diabetic control 6 0.005 4±0.000 2** 30±5** 42±3** 34±10** 3.76±0.56**
SC2 treatment 6 0.009 9±0.000 4 61±3 89±4 110±20 8.77±1.01

Figure 2

Histological and immunohistochemical analysis of pancreatic sections from SC2-treated mice (A, B), normal control mice (C, D) and diabetic control mice (E, F) The development of newly formed neo-islets from the pancreatic duct can be seen with SC2 treatment with 1: newly formed islet; 2: connection between the duct and the islet; 3: duct from which the islet sprouted. A, C and E are the HE staining results under a light microscope with magnification of 480; B, D and F are the FITC staining results under a fluorescent microscope with magnification of 480. SC2: purified fraction of Syzygium cumini; HE: hematoxylin and eosin; FITC: flourescein isothiocyanate."

Figure 3

Newly generated islets (ICAs) in human pancreatic carcinoma epithelial-like cell line after SC2 treatment (Fluorescent microscope, ×480) The ICAs are stained positive with DTZ (A) and FITC-labeled insulin antibody (B), revealing insulin-positive cellular aggregates. ICAs: islet-like cellular aggregates; SC2: purified fraction of Syzygium cumini; DTZ: dithiozone; FITC: fluorescein isothiocyanate."

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