[an error occurred while processing this directive]

Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine ›› 2012, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (1): 91-99.doi: 10.3736/jcim20120114

• Original Experimental Research • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of the active components of Chinese herbal medicine Xiaoxuming Decoction on memory behavior and brain injury in rats with chronic cerebral ischemia

Wang Yue-hua(),He Xiao-li,Yang Hai-guang,Qin Hai-lin,Du Guan-hua   

  1. Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
  • Received:2011-08-29 Accepted:2011-10-08 Online:2012-01-20 Published:2018-09-21
  • Contact: Wang Yue-hua E-mail:dugh@imm.ac.cn

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

175

Like

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of the active components of Xiaoxuming Decoction (XXM), a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on chronic cerebral ischemia in rats.METHODS: Chronic cerebral ischemia was induced in rats by occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries. Then, the rats with chronic cerebral ischemia were randomly divided into five groups: model group, extract of Ginkgo biloba group and low-, medium- and high-dose active components of XXM groups. Another 11 rats without occlusion of common carotid arteries were used as the sham-operation group. Memory behavior was investigated by Morris water maze test. The structure of hippocampus and cortex neurons was observed with Nissel staining. The white matter lesion was stained with Klüver-Barrera stain method to observe the pathological changes. The astrocyte activation was observed using immunohistochemical method with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) antibody.RESULTS: The active components of XXM could significantly improve the impairment of learning and memory induced by chronic cerebral ischemia in rats. Compared with the model group, the time to reach the platform for rats was shortened by treating with the active components of XXM in Morris water maze test, particularly in the medium-dose group (P<0.05). In addition, the low- and medium-dose active components of XXM improved the decrease of cerebrovascular reactivity induced by chronic cerebral ischemia. The results of the pathological analysis also suggested that the active components of XXM could ameliorate the pathological damage induced by chronic cerebral ischemia in rats with the number of neurons increased, and the morphology and distribution of neurons recovered to normal levels. The low-dose active components of XXM significantly reduced the white matter lesions (P<0.05,P<0.01). Active components of XXM treatment could also reduce the activation of astrocytes.CONCLUSION: The active components of XXM may attenuate the chronic cerebral ischemic injury in rats.

Key words: plant extracts, hypoxia-ischemia, brain, pathology, behavioral research, glial fibrillary acidic protein, rats

Table 1

Effects of effective components of Xiaoxuming Decoction on the latency of rats in Morris water maze training ($\bar{x}$±s, s)"

Group Dose (g/kg) n Latency in Morris water maze
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4
Sham-operation — 11 21.5±3.4 21.0±3.7 14.3±3.3 21.0±3.4
Model — 10 50.5±3.9** 49.3±3.4** 45.1±5.3** 49.8±3.0**
Extract of Ginkgo biloba 0.15 10 42.9±4.3 28.7±5.6△ 27.8±5.0△ 35.8±4.4△
Low-dose effective components 0.05 10 37.6±2.7△ 34.6±6.8 35.2±6.7 35.8±7.2
Medium-dose effective components 0.15 10 31.3±3.3△△ 36.3±5.1△ 29.5±3.9△ 21.3±4.8△△
High-dose effective components 0.5 10 40.7±6.6 34.1±6.3 38.1±5.3 42.6±6.1

Table 2

Effects of effective components of Xiaoxuming Decoction on the exploring activity of rats in Morris water maze test ($\bar{x}$±s, s)"

Groups Dose (g/kg) n Latency Effective time
Sham-operation — 11 8.4±3.2 37.7±1.9
Model — 10 47.2±6.0** 26.3±1.5*
Extract of Ginkgo biloba 0.15 10 31.8±6.9△ 30.7±1.5
Low-dose effective components 0.05 10 39.8±7.8 31.0±1.3
Medium-dose effective components 0.15 10 29.7±5.2△ 35.8±2.1△
High-dose effective components 0.5 10 39.4±7.6 30.2±1.8

Table 3

Effects of effective components of Xiaoxuming Decoction on rCBF value and CVR in rats with chronic cerebral ischemia ($\bar{x}$±s)"

Groups Dose (g/kg) n rCBF (PU) CVR (%)
Sham-operation — 4 189.9±84.5 66.1±35.0
Model — 4 116.8±56.5* 17.2±10.9*
Extract of Ginkgo biloba 0.15 4 184.2±134.8 55.6±49.6△
Low-dose effective components 0.05 3 162.3±28.1△ 48.3±19.5△
Medium-dose effective components 0.15 3 160.0±55.5△ 37.1±20.0△
High-dose effective components 0.5 3 207.4±62.4△ 26.8±2.1

Figure 1

Effects of effective components of Xiaoxuming Decoction on neurons in rats observed by Nissel staining (Light microscopy, ×400) A: Sham-operation group; B: Model group; C: Extract of Ginkgo biloba group; D: Low-dose effective components group: E: Medium-dose effective components group; F: High-dose effective components group."

Figure 2

Effects of effective components of Xiaoxuming Decoction on the brain white matter in rats observed by Klüver-Barrera stainingA: Sham-operation group; B: Model group; C: Extract of Ginkgo biloba group; D: Low-dose effective components group: E: Medium-dose effective components group; F: High-dose effective components group. (A): Observation under a light microscope (×400); (B): Grading score. Data were represented as mean±standard deviation, n=4. **P<0.01, vs sham-operation group; △P<0.05, △△P<0.01, vs model group."

Figure 3

Effects of effective components of Xiaoxuming Decoction on brain white matter in the hippocampus CA1 area of rats observed by immunohistochemical method (Light microscopy, ×200) A: Sham-operation group; B: Model group; C: Extract of Ginkgo biloba group; D: Low-dose effective components group: E: Medium-dose effective components group; F: High-dose effective components group."

[1] Farkas E, Luiten PG , Cerebral microvasculax pathology in aging and Alzheirner's disease, Prog Neuxobiol, 2001; 64(6):575-611.
doi: 10.1016/S0301-0082(00)00068-X pmid: 11311463
[2] de la Tbrre JC , Is Akheimer" s disease a neuiodegenerative or a vascular disorder? Data, dogma, dialectics. Lancet Neurol, 2004 ; 3(3):184-190.
doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(04)00683-0 pmid: 14980533
[3] Du GH, Overview of effective coinxjunds group farmulaticn in traditional Chinese medical prescription, Zbong Cheng Yao . 2002; 24(11):878-880, Chinese
杜冠华 . 中药复方有效成分组学研究.中成药. 2002; 24(11):878-880.
[4] Wang YH, Zhang HX, Li Q, Di Y, Hu JJ , Du GH. High-throughput screening assay for groups of effective components extracted from Xiaoxuming Recipe. J Chin Integr Med. 2006; 4(1): 64-47. Chinese with abstract in English.
王月华, 张海霞, 李奇, 丁怡, 胡娟娟, 杜冠华 . 小续命汤有效成分组的髙通量筛选研究.中西医结合学报. 2006; 4(1) : 64-67.
[5] Li ZH, Ni KY , Du GH. Identification of the major components in the effective component group of Xiao-xu- ming decoction by high performance liquid chromatography- electrospray lionization-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. Fen Xi Hua Xue Za Zhi. 2007; 35(2):233-239. Chinese with abstract in English.
李忠红, 倪坤仪, 杜冠华 . 髙效液相色谱-质谱法鉴定中药复方小续命汤有效成分组中醇溶性成分.分析化学杂志. 2007; 35(2):233-239.
[6] WangYH, Qin HL, He XL , Du GH. Activity evaluation of components and preparation of effective components group of Xiaoxuming decoction for anti-cerebral ischemia. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2011 ; 36(15):2140-2144. Chinese with abstract in English.
王月华, 秦海林, 贺晓丽, 杜冠华 . 中药复方小续命汤组分活性评价及抗脑缺血有效成分组制备.中国中药杂志. 2011; 36(15):2140-2144.
[7] Li ZH, Fan XL, Cai MM, Yang ZH, Ying J, Qiang GF , Du GH. Pharmacokinetics of fangchinoline and tetrandrine in rats. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2009; 34(23) : 3110-3113. Chinese with abstract in English.
李忠红, 樊夏雷, 蔡美明, 杨志宏, 应剑, 强桂芬, 杜冠华 . 小续命汤有效成分组中防己诺林碱和粉防己碱在大鼠体内药动学研究.中国中药杂志. 2009; 34(23) : 3110-3113.
[8] Wang Y, Ding C, Du K, Xiao Y, Wu C, Zhang J, Qin H, Du G . Identification of active compounds and their metabolites by high-performance liquid chromatography/ electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry from Xiao-xu-ming decoction (XXMD). Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2009; 23(17) : 2724-2732.
[9] Wakita H, Tomimoto H, Akiguchi I, Kimura J . Protective effect of cyclosporin A on white matter changes in the rat brain after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Stroke. 1995; 26(8):1415-1422.
doi: 10.1161/01.STR.26.8.1415
[10] Yu J, Liu C, Zhang X, Han J . Acupuncture improved cognitive impairment caused by multi-infarct dementia in rats. Physiol Behav. 2005; 86(4):434-441.
doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2005.07.015 pmid: 16181648
[11] Morris R . Developments of a water-maze procedure for studying spatial learning in the rat. J Neurosci Methods. 1984; 11(1) : 47-60.
[12] Huang JS, Zhang WB, Zheng XM, Lin QC, Li JY, Zhang ZD, Lin J. Effects of Ruanmailing Oral Liquid on spatial learning and memory ability and expression of APE/Ref-1 in hippocampal CAI region in rats with experimental vascular dementia. J Chin Integr Med. 2009 ; 7(9):855-859. Chinese with abstract in English.
doi: 10.3736/jcim20090911
黄俊山, 张维波, 郑兴敏, 林求诚, 李璟怡, 张作丹, 林坚 . 软脉灵口服液对拟血管性痴呆大鼠空间学习记忆能力及海马CA1区APE/Ref-1表达的影响.中西医结合学报. 2009; 7(9):855-859.
doi: 10.3736/jcim20090911
[13] Ulrich PT, Kroppenstedt S, Heimann A, Kempski O . Laser-Doppler scanning of local cerebral blood flow and reserve capacity and testing of motor and memory functions in a chronic 2-vessel occlusion model in rats. Stroke. 1998; 29(11):2412-2420.
doi: 10.1161/01.STR.29.11.2412
[14] Cho KO, La HO, Cho YJ, Sung KW, Kim SY . Minocycline attenuates white matter damage in a rat model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.[J] Neurosci Res. 2006; 83(2) : 285-291.
doi: 10.1002/jnr.20727 pmid: 16385583
[15] Englund E . Neuropathology of white matter lesions in vascular cognitive impairment. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2002 ; 13(Suppl 2) : 11-15.
doi: 10.1159/000049144 pmid: 11901237
[16] Chan PH . Role of oxidants in ischemic brain damage. Stroke. 1996; 27(6):1124-1129.
doi: 10.1161/01.STR.27.6.1124
[17] Bains JS, Shaw CA . Neurodegenerative disorders in humans : the role of glutathione in oxidative stress- mediated neuronal death. Brain Res Rev. 1997 ; 25(3):335-358.
doi: 10.1016/S0165-0173(97)00045-3
[1] Na Wu , Lu Song , Xin-xin Yang, Jiang-lei Wei , Zhen-guo Liu. Effects of Chinese herbal medicine Tianqi Pingchan Granule on G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6 involved in the prevention of levodopa-induced dyskinesia in rats with Parkinson disease. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(9): 1018-1024.
[2] Lawrence A. Olatunji, Taofeek O. Usman, Joseph O. Adebayo, Victoria A. Olatunji . Effects of aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa on renal Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activities in Wistar rats. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(9): 1049-1055.
[3] Dhirender Kaushik, Ajay Kumar, Pawan Kaushik, Avatar C. Rana. Anticonvulsant activity of alcoholic extract of bark of Pinus roxburghii Sarg. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(9): 1056-1060.
[4] Chan Chen, Chang-xun Chen, Xi-min Wu, Rui Wang, Yi-ming Li. Effects of extracts of Radix Scrophulariae on blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats and the underlying mechanisms. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(9): 1009-1017.
[5] Jian-sheng Li, Ya Li, Su-yun Li, Yuan-yuan Wang, Li Deng, Yan-ge Tian, Su-li Jiang , Ying Wang. Long-term effects of Tiaobu Feishen therapies on systemic and local inflammation responses in rats with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(9): 1039-1048.
[6] Lu Liu, Ying Gao. Study on the correlation between traditional Chinese medicine syndrome and short-term prognosis of ischemic stroke using logistic regression model and repeated-measures analysis of variance. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(9): 983-990.
[7] Karuna A. Talpate, Uma A. Bhosale, Mandar R. Zambare. Clitorea ternatea, a herb from Indian folklore, improves streptozotocin-induced diabetes and diabetes-induced cognitive decline in rats. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(8): 939-947.
[8] Samuel Joshua Pragasam, Vachana Murunikara, Evan Prince Sabina, Mahaboobkhan Rasool. Antiperoxidative potential of p-coumaric acid, a common dietary phenol, in adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(8): 932-938.
[9] Zi-hui Li, Jian Wang, Rong-lin Cai, You-wen Wang, Jian-peng Hu. Establishment and evaluation of a rat model of ulcerative colitis with syndrome of dampness stagnancy due to spleen deficiency. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(8): 918-924.
[10] Meng Li, Ling Hu, Rong-lin Cai, Zi-jian Wu, Ke-ming Wang. Effects of electro-acupuncture at PC6 and BL15 on nerve electrical activity in spinal dorsal root and norepinephrine and dopamine contents in paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus in rats with acute myocardial ischemia. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(8): 874-879.
[11] Xin-min Li, Hui Chen, Yan-yan Ren, Yan-li Lu. Effects of Chinese herbal medicine Xifeng Capsule on multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 expression in hippocampus and cortex of rats with lithium-pilocarpine-induced epilepsy. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(8): 911-917.
[12] Hong Wang , Jing-tian Ou , Xin Zhao , Ying Guoz , Hao-ping Mao. Vasodilator effect of oroxylin A on thoracic aorta isolated from rats. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(8): 880-885.
[13] C. Mouli Kalla, Vijaya Tartte, Dattatreya Rao Sirpurkar. Effectiveness of flavonoid-rich leaf extract of Acalypha indica in reversing experimental myocardial ischemia: biochemical and histopathological evidence. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(7): 784-792.
[14] Feng Xin-ying, Zhu Min, Zhang Qi-qi, Chen Yi-ping, Li Wen-wei. Selective protection of nigral dopaminergic neurons by echinacoside in a rat model of Parkinson disease induced by rotenone. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(7): 777-783.
[15] Chuan Chen, Hui-ying Chi, Zhi-hua Yu, Jiu-lin Chen . Effects of Chinese herbal medicine Shoushen Granule on telomere length and telomerase activity of peripheral white blood cells and vascular cells in rats with atherosclerosis. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(6): 667-673.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
[1] Jin-zhou Tian, Jing Shi, Xin-qing Zhang, Qi Bi, Xin Ma, Zhi-liang Wang, Xiao-bin Li, Shu-li Shen, Lin Li, Zhen-yun Wu, Li-yan Fang, Xiao-dong Zhao, Ying-chun Miao, Peng-wen Wang, Ying Ren, Jun-xiang Yin, Yong-yan Wang, Beijing United Study Group on MCI of the Capital Foundation of Medical Developments. An explanation on "guiding principles of clinical research on mild cognitive impairment (protocol)". Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2008, 6(1): 15-21
[2] Yi-ting He, Qing-lin Zha, Jian-ping Yu, Yong Tan, Cheng Lu, Ai-ping Lv. Principal factor analysis of symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis and their correlations with efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2008, 6(1): 32-36
[3] Jun Cai, Hua Wang, Sheng Zhou, Bin Wu, Hua-rong Song, Zheng-rong Xuan. Effect of Sijunzi Decoction and enteral nutrition on T-cell subsets and nutritional status in patients with gastric cancer after operation: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2008, 6(1): 37-40
[4] Wei Zhang, Xiang-feng Lu, Xiao-mei Zhang, Jian-jun Wu, Liang-duo Jiang. A rat model of pulmonary fibrosis induced by infusing bleomycin quickly through tracheal intubation. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2008, 6(1): 60-67
[5] A-gao Zhou, Yong Zhang, Gang Kui, De-Yun Kong, Hai-liang Ge, Qiu-hua Ren, Jia-rong Dong, Sheng Hong, Xu-ming Mao, Yin Wang, Hui-zheng Zhang, Shu-jun Wang. Influence of traditional Chinese compound recipes with different efficacy on body weight, tumor weight and immune function in H22 cancer-bearing mice. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2008, 6(1): 77-82
[6] Guo-hong Yuan, Xiao-jing Pang, He-chao Ma. Synergic effects of Danggui Buxue Decoction in reducing toxicity of cytoxan in tumor-bearing mice. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2008, 6(1): 83-88
[7] Li Zhou, Hong-xing Zhang, Ling-guang Liu, Wen-jun Wan. Effect of electro-acupuncture at Fenglong (GV 16) on nitric oxide and endothelin in rats with hyperlipidemia. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2008, 6(1): 89-92
[8] Jin-zhou Tian, Jing Shi, Xin-qing Zhang, Qi Bi, Xin Ma, Zhi-liang Wang, Xiao-bin Li, Shu-li Shen, Lin Li, Zhen-yun Wu, Li-yan Fang, Xiao-dong Zhao, Ying-chun Miao, Peng-wen Wang, Ying Ren, Jun-xiang Yin, Yong-yan Wang, Beijing United Study Group on MCI of the Capital Foundation of Medical Developments. Guiding principles of clinical research on mild cognitive impairment (protocol). Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2008, 6(1): 9-14
[9] Xin-jun Wang, Ling-ling Wang . A mechanism of endogenous opioid peptides for rapid onset of acupuncture effect in treatment of depression. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2010, 8(11): 1014-1017
[10] Bo Wang , Wei Yan , Li-hui Hou, Xiao-ke Wu. Disorder of Tiangui (kidney essence) and reproductive dysfunction in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2010, 8(11): 1018-1022
[an error occurred while processing this directive]