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Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine ›› 2012, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (8): 866-873.doi: 10.3736/jcim20120806

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Traditional Chinese medicine constitution types in 127 elderly patients with insomnia: An investigation in communities of Yangpu District, Shanghai

Chen Xia1, Qun-bang Zhu2, Feng Huang2, Jing-hui Huang2, Hong-da Chen2, Ming-jun Chen1, Wei Gu2,3, Bai Li 2,3, Fan-fu Fang2,3(), Liang-neng Wu4()   

  1. 1. Cadet Corps, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
    2. Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
    3. Department of Rehabilitation, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
    4. School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
  • Received:2012-06-20 Accepted:2012-07-03 Online:2012-08-20 Published:2018-08-15
  • Contact: Fang Fan-fu,Wu Liang-neng E-mail:fangfanfu@126.com;wuliangnen@sina.com

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Objective: To analyze the distribution of traditional Chinese medicine constitution types in elderly patients with insomnia.

Methods: The epidemiological data were collected from communities in the Yangpu District, Shanghai via a cross-sectional field survey. The elderly participants were enrolled by using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scale and the TCM Constitution Questionnaire.

Results: (1)The distribution of imbalanced constitutions between the elderly with insomnia and normal subjects showed statistical difference (P<0.01) and the elderly with insomnia tend to be of imbalanced constitutions. Among these unbalanced constitutions, deficient constitutions were more frequent than others in the elderly with insomnia, and yang-deficiency and qi-deficiency occurred mostly in unbalanced and simple constitutions. (2) Blood-stasis and qi-stagnation constitutions were more frequent in females than in males among the elderly with insomnia. Frequency of deficiency constitutions in the elderly increased as the age increases. (3) The frequency of composite constitutions was higher than that of simple constitutions in elderly patients with insomnia (74.8%), among which qi-deficiency was more likely to be composite with other constitutions.

Conclusion: Identification and classification of traditional Chinese medicine constitution types will provide further information for devising projects with systematic intervention for insomnia management.

Key words: body constitution (TCM), insomnia, epidemiological survey, clinical trial

Table 1

Distribution of 127 elderly patients with insomnia based on age"

Age Case Proportion Cumulative Proportion Age Case Proportion Cumulative Proportion
60~ 30 23.6 23.6 80~ 15 11.8 96.9
65~ 40 31.5 55.1 ≥85 4 3.1 100
70~ 22 17.3 72.4 Total 127 100
75~ 16 12.6 85.0

Table 2

Distribution of imbalanced constitutions in different states"

State Case Balanced (n, %) Imbalanced (n, %) χ2 value P value
Insomnia 127 15 (11.81%) 112 (88.19%) 42.36 <0.01
Normal 161 77 (47.83%) 84 (52.17%)

Table 3

Traditional Chinese medicine constitution types according to the maximal standardized scores of constitutions"

Constitution type Case Proportion Constitution type Case Proportion
Yang-deficiency 30 0.236 Phlegm-dampness 10 0.079
Qi-deficiency 28 0.220 Qi-stagnation 5 0.039
Blood-stasis 19 0.150 Dampness-heat 4 0.031
Balanced 15 0.118 Inherited special 1 0.008
Yin-deficiency 15 0.118

Table 4

Distribution of traditional Chinese medicine constitution types based on gender (Case, %)"

Gender Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Type 5 Type 6 Type 7 Type 8 Type 9 Total
Male 11 (8.7) 17 (13.4) 10 (7.9) 6 (4.7) 4 (3.1) 1 (0.8) 3 (2.4) 1 (0.8) 0 (0) 53 (41.7)
Female 4 (3.1) 11 (8.7) 20 (15.7) 9 (7.1) 6 (4.7) 3 (2.4) 16 (12.6) 4 (3.1) 1 (0.8) 74 (58.3)

Table 5

Distribution of traditional Chinese medicine constitution types based on age (Case)"

Age Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Type 5 Type 6 Type 7 Type 8 Type 9 Deficiency Excess
60~ 5 5 3 4 4 1 6 1 1 12 12
65~ 5 9 7 5 4 2 5 3 0 21 14
70~ 3 4 9 1 1 1 3 0 0 14 5
75~ 2 4 4 3 0 0 2 1 0 11 3
80~ 0 5 6 1 1 0 2 0 0 12 3
≥85 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 3 1

Figure 1

Distribution of balanced, deficiency and excess constitutions based on age"

Table 6

Grading of nine constitutions of traditional Chinese medicine"

Constitution type Distribution of grading of constitutions (cases) Constitution type Distribution of grading of constitutions (cases)
Yes Approximate No Yes Approximate No
Balanced 10 5 112 Dampness-heat 10 15 102
Qi-deficiency 43 35 49 Blood-stasis 31 27 69
Yang-deficiency 43 21 63 Qi-stagnation 13 20 94
Yin-deficiency 34 24 69 Inherited-special 6 16 105
Phlegm-dampness 25 24 78

Table 7

Frequency of constitution types with frequency ranking at the top 10"

Constitution type Case Proportion Constitution type Case Proportion
133333333 10 0.079 311333333 2 0.016
331333333 6 0.047 313233233 2 0.016
333333133 4 0.031 321232333 2 0.016
313333333 3 0.024 323133333 2 0.016
333133333 3 0.024 332333133 2 0.016

Table 8

Cross tabulation of composite status of every two imbalanced constitutions"

Item Composite status of every two imbalanced constitutions (cases)
Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Type 5 Type 6 Type 7 Type 8
Type 3 17 (44) — — — — — —
Type 4 16 (46) 9 (30) — — — — —
Type 5 14 (39) 8 (30) 14 (31) — — — —
Type 6 6 (20) 3 (13) 4 (14) 7 (18) — — —
Type 7 16 (44) 13 (29) 8 (34) 8 (28) 6 (18) — —
Type 8 8 (32) 3 (21) 6 (22) 9 (23) 4 (10) 8 (22) —
Type 9 3 (20) 4 (13) 4 (12) 3 (13) 2 (7) 2 (13) 1 (10)
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