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Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine ›› 2008, Vol. 6 ›› Issue (6): 591-594.doi: 10.3736/jcim20080609

• Original Experimental Research • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Artesunate induces prostate cancer cell line PC-3 differentiation and cell cycle arrest

Xiao-fei Huang, Ding Yuan, Chang-cheng Zhang(), Xiao-peng Zhang   

  1. Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province 443002, China
  • Received:2008-03-27 Online:2008-06-20 Published:2008-06-15
  • Contact: ZHANG Chang-cheng E-mail:greatwall@ctgu.edu.cn

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Objective: To explore the effect of artesunate (ART) on cell differentiation and cell cycle distribution of the prostate cancer cell line PC-3 in vitro.
Methods: PC-3 cells were cultivated with ART from logarithmic growth phase. After 48-hour treatment, the cell cycles were detected by flow cytometry (FCM), and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the level of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in cell culture supernatant. The change of cellular morphology was observed under a transmission electron microscope (TEM).
Results: In comparison with the blank control group, the rate of G0/G1 plus S stages of PC-3 cells was significantly decreased in the high-dose ART group. The PC-3 cell was arrested in G2/M by ART. The rates of G2/M of the high-dose ART group and the medium-dose ART group were obviously higher than those of the blank control group and the cisplatin group (P<0.05). The levels of PSA in the three ART groups were significantly lower than that of the normal control group (P<0.05, P<0.01). In the ART groups, TEM showed that some vacuoles appeared in endochylema, cell polarity was enhanced, cell nucleus leaned to one side of the cell, and microvilli increased on the other side of the cell.
Conclusion: ART can induce PC-3 cell cycle arrest and differentiation in vitro.

Key words: artesunate, prostatic neoplasms, cell differentiation, cell cycle, prostate-specific antigen

CLC Number: 

  • R979.1

Table 1

Distribution of cell cycle of PC-3 cells after 48-hour ART-treatment （$\bar{x}$±s, ％）"

Group n G0/G1+S G2/M
Blank control 3 70.12±6.60 23.18±3.10
Cisplatin 3 71.50±7.20 22.55±1.88
Low-dose ART 3 68.55±6.43 25.43±2.55
Medium-dose ART 3 66.93±6.54 26.97±3.12**△△
High-dose ART 3 61.52±5.89*△ 32.32±2.63*△△

Table 2

Content of PSA in PC-3 cell culture supernatant after 48-hour ART-treatment （$\bar{x}$±s, ng/ml）"

Group n PSA
Blank control 5 0.025 4±0.002 3
Low-dose ART 5 0.022 0±0.002 2*
Medium-dose ART 5 0.013 2±0.000 8**
High-dose ART 5 0.006 4±0.003 5**

Figure 1

Morphological change of PC-3 cells treated by different concentrations of ART after 48 hours (Transmission electron microscopy) A: Blank control group (×3 500); B: Cisplatin group (×25 000); C: Low-dose ART group (×4 000); D: Medium-dose ART group (×4 000); E: High-dose ART group (×4 000)."

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