SUBSCRIBE
Search JIM Advanced Search

Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine ›› 2011, Vol. 9 ›› Issue (8): 913-919.doi: 10.3736/jcim20110814

• Original Experimental Research • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of Murraya koenigii leaf extract on impaired gastrointestinal motility in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Sachin V. Tembhurne(), Dinesh M. Sakarkar   

  1. Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Sudhakarrao Naik Institute of Pharmacy, Yavatmal 445204, India
  • Received:2011-03-12 Accepted:2011-06-26 Online:2011-08-20 Published:2011-08-15

RichHTML

1

PDF (PC)

51

Like

Objective: The present study was to investigate the effects of Murraya koenigii leaf (MKL), an Indian herb, on glucose homeostasis, intestinal transit time, response to exogenous acetylcholine of smooth muscles of distal colon, and intestinal thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) level in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.
Methods: Male adult Wistar rats were used in this study. Diabetes was induced in the rats by STZ (70 mg/kg, intravenously). The treatments of MKL extract (300 and 500 mg/kg) and glibenclamide were started after stabilization of blood glucose level (13 d after single dose of STZ), while the standard drug cisapride or vitamin E was given from the last week (8th week) of experimentation. At the end of the study, the rats were sacrificed and evaluated for gastrointestinal motility, the contractile response of distal colons and the TBARS content. The gastrointestinal motility was evaluated by measuring the intestinal transit rate of charcoal meal. The contractile response of distal colon was measured in terms of evaluating the dose-response curve with increasing doses of acetylcholine, and the TBARS content was measured by calculating the level of polyunsaturated fatty acid in homogenates of intestines of the diabetic rats.
Results: MKL significantly decreased the blood glucose level at the 30th (P<0.05) and 60th (P<0.01) day of MKL administration (300 and 500 mg/kg). The gastrointestinal motility significantly (P<0.05) reduced after 9 weeks in diabetic rats and it was correlated to the decrease of the percent response of acetylcholine on distal colons (P<0.01) and the increase of TBARS (as an index of oxidative stress) in intestines (P<0.05), while prior treatment with MKL (300 and 500 mg/kg) up to 9 weeks increased the gastrointestinal motility demonstrated by the increase in the activation of cholinergic response to acetylcholine on distal colons (P<0.05). The TBARS also decreased after 9-week treatment with MKL (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The present study suggested that MKL had protective effect against gastrointestinal disturbances in diabetes by controlling glucose level as well as defending against peripheral damage of cholinergic neurons by providing antioxidant shelter, so it may be helpful in diabetic patients with impaired gastrointestinal motility.

Key words: Murraya, diabetes mellitus,experimental, gastrointestinal motility, cholinergic agents, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, plant extracts, rats

"

Group n Blood glucose level
0 d 30 d 60 d
Vehicle control 5 833.0±39.1 869.2±19.5 842.5±21.9
Diabetic control 5 3 695.1±172.3** 3 735.1±178.0 3 233.7±150.1
MKL extract (300 mg/kg) 5 3 719.5±121.7** 1 784.6±139.5△△ 1 077.3±107.1▲▲
MKL extract (500 mg/kg) 5 3 905.4±130.8** 1 390.9±155.3△△ 871.0±120.1▲▲
Glibenclamide (10 mk/kg) 5 3 677.3±168.7** 1 369.2±179.5△△ 870.2±110.1▲▲

"

Group n Percent transit
Vehicle control 5 62.79±6.27
Diabetic control 5 46.02±8.58*
MKL extract (300 mg/kg) 5 68.89±6.89△
MKL extract (500 mg/kg) 5 73.81±4.78△
Vitamin E (20%) 5 58.14±7.09△
Cisapride (20 mg/kg) 5 64.85±0.96△

"

Group n Concentrated acetylcholine (mg)
0.1 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
Vehicle control 5 52.21±6.34 57.65±5.42 63.23±7.33 69.70±6.37 69.70±6.37 100
Diabetic control 5 15.45±4.54** 21.32±5.42** 30.35±5.76** 39.49±6.54** 45.32±4.55** 51.62±5.67**
MKL extract (300 mg/kg) 5 32.34±6.78△ 39.07±7.34△ 45.76±7.78△ 54.67±6.89△ 60.59±4.56△ 69.70±5.80△
MKL extract (500 mg/kg) 5 41.32±6.43△△ 48.44±4.32△△ 57.32±5.64△△ 69.65±7.44△△ 78.78±6.67△△ 87.46±4.76△△
Vitamin E (20%) 5 36.78±5.58△△ 51.23±6.32△△ 60.25±6.55△△ 66.43±7.54△△ 83.87±6.77△△ 91.22±5.89△△
Cisapride (20 mg/kg) 5 34.33±4.34△ 42.45±5.45△ 49.32±5.67△ 58.34±7.65△ 65.97±6.55△ 72.56±6.22△

"

Group n Absorbance of TBARS
Vehicle control 5 0.220±0.025
Diabetic control 5 0.430±0.031*
MKL extract (300 mg/kg) 5 0.210±0.013△△
MKL extract (500 mg/kg) 5 0.190±0.018△△
Vitamin E (20%) 5 0.250±0.026△△
[1] Ricci JA, Siddique R, Stewart WF, Sandler RS, Sloan S, Farup CE . Upper gastrointestinal symptoms in a U.S. national sample of adults with diabetes[J]. Scand J Gastroenterol, 2000,35(2):152-159
doi: 10.1080/003655200750024317 pmid: 10720112
[2] Spångéus A, El-Salhy M, Suhr O, Eriksson J, Lithner F . Prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms in young and middle-aged diabetic patients[J]. Scand J Gastroenterol, 1999,34(12):1196-1202
doi: 10.1080/003655299750024706 pmid: 10636066
[3] Koch KL . Diabetic gastropathy: gastric neuromuscular dysfunction in diabetes mellitus: a review of symptoms, pathophysiology, and treatment[J]. Dig Dis Sci, 1999,44(6):1061-1075
doi: 10.1023/A:1026647417465
[4] Verne GN, Sninsky CA . Diabetes and the gastrointestinal tract[J]. Gastroenterol Clin North Am, 1998,27(4):861-874
doi: 10.1016/j.mpmed.2011.02.007 pmid: 9890116
[5] Horowitz M, Harding PE, Maddox AF, Wishart JM, Akkermans LM, Chatterton BE, Shearman DJ . Gastric and oesophageal emptying in patients with type 2(non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus[J]. Diabetologia, 1989,32(3):151-159
doi: 10.1007/BF00265086
[6] Tougas G, Hunt RH, Fitzpatrick D, Upton AR . Evidence of impaired afferent vagal function in patients with diabetes gastroparesis[J]. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol, 1992,15(10 Pt 2):1597-1602
doi: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.1992.tb02939.x pmid: 1383975
[7] Camilleri M, Malagelada JR . Abnormal intestinal motility in diabetics with the gastroparesis syndrome[J]. Eur J Clin Invest, 1984,14(6):420-427
doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.1984.tb01206.x pmid: 6441717
[8] Loesch A, Belai A, Lincoln J, Burnstock G . Enteric nerves in diabetic rats: electron microscopic evidence for neuropathy of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-containing fibres[J]. Acta Neuropathol, 1986,70(2):161-168
doi: 10.1007/BF00691434
[9] Schmidt RE, Plurad DA, Roth KA . Effects of chronic experimental streptozotocin-induced diabetes on the noradrenergic and peptidergic innervation of the rat alimentary tract[J]. Brain Res, 1988,458(2):353-360
doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(88)90478-7
[10] Lyrenas EB, Olsson EH, Arvidsson UC, Orn TJ, Spjuth JH . Prevalence and determinants of solid and liquid gastric emptying in unstable type Ⅰ diabetes. Relationship to postprandial blood glucose concentrations[J]. Diabetes Care, 1997,20(3):413-418
doi: 10.2337/diacare.20.3.413
[11] He CL, Burgart L, Wang L, Pemberton J, Young-Fadok T, Szurszewski J, Farrugia G . Decreased interstitial cell of cajal volume in patients with slow-transit constipation[J]. Gastroenterology, 2000,118(1):14-21
doi: 10.1016/S0016-5085(00)70409-4 pmid: 10611149
[12] Ordog T, Takayama I, Cheung WK, Ward SM, Sanders KM . Remodeling of networks of interstitial cells of Cajal in a murine model of diabetic gastroparesis[J]. Diabetes, 2000,49(10):1731-1739
doi: 10.2337/diabetes.49.10.1731
[13] Kashyap P, Farrugia G . Oxidative stress: key player in gastrointestinal complications of diabetes[J]. Neurogastroenterol Motil, 2011,23(2):111-114
doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2010.01659.x pmid: 4441525
[14] Sakurai T, Tsuchiya S . Superoxide production from nonenzymatically glycated protein[J]. FEBS Lett, 1988,236(2):406-410
doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(88)80066-8
[15] Tembhurne SV, Sakarkar DM . Effect of Murraya koenigii leaves extracts on gastrointestinal motility: involving calcium channel innervation in mice[J]. Arch Pharm Sci Res, 2009,1(2):189-193
[16] Tembhurne SV, Sakarkar DM . Acceleratory effect of Murraya koenigii leaves extracts in atropine induced delayed small intestinal transit involved possible cholinergic innervation in mice[J]. Int J PharmTech Res, 2010,2(1):322-326
[17] Chakrabarty M, Nath A, Khasnobis S, Chakrabarty M, Konda Y, Harigaya Y, Komiyama K . Carbazole alkaloids from Murraya koenigii[J]. Phytochemistry, 1997,46(4):751-755
doi: 10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00345-2 pmid: 9366097
[18] Ramsewak RS, Nair MG, Strasburg GM, DeWitt DL, Nitiss JL .Biologically active carbazole alkaloids from Murraya koenigii[J]. J Agric Food Chem, 1999,47(2):444-447
doi: 10.1021/jf9805808
[19] Kokate CK, Purohit AP, Gokhale SB . Textbook of pharmacognosy(11th ed)[M]. Pune: Nirali Prakashan, 1999,( 11th ed):138
[20] Stahl E . Thin layer chromatography: a laboratory handbook(2nd ed)[M]. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1969,( 2nd ed):75
[21] Anjaneyulu M, Chopra K, Kaur I . Antidepressant activity of quercetin, a bioflavonoid, in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice[J]. J Med Food, 2003,6(4):391-395
doi: 10.1089/109662003772519976 pmid: 14977450
[22] Tembhurne SV, Sakarkar DM . Influence of Murraya koenigii on experimental model of diabetes and progression of neuropathic pain[J]. Res Pharm Sci, 2010,5(1):41-47
[23] Brown CK, Khanderia U . Use of metoclopramide, domperidone, and cisapride in the management of diabetic gastroparesis[J]. Clin Pharm, 1990,9(5):357-365
doi: 10.2165/00003088-199018050-00006 pmid: 2190745
[24] Bijender S, Harish D, Rishi S, Patil BM . Effect of vitamin E on the impaired gastrointestinal activity of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats[J]. Indian J Pharmacol, 2003,35(3):186-187
[25] Janssen PA, Jageneau AH . A new series of potent analgesics: dextro 2:2-diphenyl-3-methyl-4-morpholino-butyrylpyrrolidine and related amides. Ⅰ. Chemical structure and pharmacological activity[J]. J Pharm Pharmacol, 1957,9(6):381-400
doi: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1957.tb12290.x
[26] Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K . Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction[J]. Anal Biochem, 1979,95(2):351-358
doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(79)90738-3
[27] Tembhurne SV, Jagtap AG, Sakarkar DM . Nootropic effect of MP-1: a polyherbal formulation on cognitive deficit induced by hypoxia and its antioxidant potential[J]. J Herb Med Toxicol, 2009,3(2):67-72
[28] Smith DS, Ferris CD . Current concepts in diabetic gastroparesis[J]. Drugs, 2003,63(13):1339-1358
doi: 10.2165/00003495-200363130-00002 pmid: 12825960
[29] Stacher G . Diabetes mellitus and the stomach[J]. Diabetologia, 2001,44(9):1080-1093
doi: 10.1007/s001250100619 pmid: 11596661
[30] Rafsanjani FN, Adeli S, Ardakani ZV, Ardakani JV, Ghotbi P . Effects of diabetes mellitus on gastric motility in rats[J]. Pak J Physiol, 2009,5(1):23-26
[31] Chen CY, Fujimiya M, Laviano A, Chang FY, Lin HC, Lee SD . Modulation of ingestive behavior and gastrointestinal motility by ghrelin in diabetic animals and humans[J]. J Chin Med Assoc, 2010,73(5):225-229
doi: 10.1016/S1726-4901(10)70048-4
[32] Szkudelski T . The mechanism of alloxan and streptozotocin action in B cells of the rat pancreas[J]. Physiol Res, 2001,50(6):537-546
doi: 10.1086/319299 pmid: 11829314
[33] Verspohl EJ . Recommended testing in diabetes research[J]. Planta Med, 2002,68(7):581-590
doi: 10.1055/s-2002-32894 pmid: 12142989
[34] Inzucchi SE . Oral antihyperglycemic therapy for type 2 diabetes: scientific review[J]. JAMA, 2002,287(3):360-372
doi: 10.1001/jama.287.3.360
[35] Patil BM, Thomas KM . Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase by Nw-nitro-l-arginine overcomes delayed intestinal transit in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice[J]. Indian J Pharmacol, 1999,31(2):146-149
[36] Cai F, Helke CJ . Abnormal PI3 kinase/Akt signal pathway in vagal afferent neurons and vagus nerve of streptozotocin-diabetic rats[J]. Brain Res Mol Brain Res, 2003,110(2):234-244
doi: 10.1016/S0169-328X(02)00652-6
[37] Anwer T, Sharma M, Pillai KK, Haque SE, Alam MM, Zaman MS . Protective effect of bezafibrate on streptozotocin-induced oxidative stress and toxicity in rats[J]. Toxicology, 2007,229(1-2):165-172
doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2006.10.016
[38] Tachibana Y, Kikuzaki H, Lajis NH, Nakatani N . Antioxidative activity of carbazoles from Murraya koenigii leaves[J]. J Agric Food Chem, 2001,49(11):5589-5594
doi: 10.1021/jf010621r pmid: 11714364
[39] Wang YS, He HP, Shen YM, Hong X, Hao XJ . Two new carbazole alkaloids from Murraya koenigii[J]. J Nat Prod, 2003,66(3):416-418
doi: 10.1021/np020468a
[1] Wan-jun Guo, Yi Wang, Yu Deng, Lin-yan Cheng, Xin Liu, Ruo-fan Xi, Sheng-jie Zhu, Xin-yi Feng, Liang Hua, Kan Ze, Jian-yong Zhu, Dong-jie Guo, Fu-lun Li. Therapeutic effects of the extract of Sancao Formula, a Chinese herbal compound, on imiquimod-induced psoriasis via cysteine-rich protein 61. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2022, 20(4): 376-384.
[2] Bing-rong Li, Shi-yun Shao, Long Yuan, Ru Jia, Jian Sun, Qing Ji, Hua Sui, Li-hong Zhou, Yi Zhang, Hui Liu, Qi Li, Yan Wang, Bi-meng Zhang. Effects of mild moxibustion on intestinal microbiome and NLRP3 inflammasome in rats with 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2021, 19(2): 144-157.
[3] Sitthichai Iamsaard, Supatcharee Arun, Jaturon Burawat, Supataechasit Yannasithinon, Saranya Tongpan, Sudtida Bunsueb, Natthapol Lapyuneyong, Pannawat Choowong-in, Nareelak Tangsrisakda, Chadaporn Chaimontri, Wannisa Sukhorum. Evaluation of antioxidant capacity and reproductive toxicity of aqueous extract of Thai Mucuna pruriens seeds. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2020, 18(3): 265-273.
[4] Stefania Lamponi, Anna Maria Aloisi, Claudia Bonechi, Marco Consumi, Alessandro Donati, Gemma Leone, Claudio Rossi, Gabriella Tamasi, Luana Ghiandai, Ersilia Ferrini, Paolo Fiorenzani, Ilaria Ceccarelli, Agnese Magnani. Evaluation of in vitro cell and blood compatibility and in vivo analgesic activity of plant-derived dietary supplements. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2019, 17(3): 213-220.
[5] Rohitash Jamwal. Bioavailable curcumin formulations: A review of pharmacokinetic studies in healthy volunteers. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2018, 16(6): 367-374.
[6] Supakanya Kumkarnjana, Rutt Suttisri, Ubonthip Nimmannit, Thongchai Koobkokkruad, Chutichot Pattamadilok, Nontima Vardhanabhuti . Anti-adipogenic effect of flavonoids from Chromolaena odorata leaves in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2018, 16(6): 427-434.
[7] Morufu Eyitayo Balogun, Elizabeth Enohnyaket Besong, Jacinta Nkechi Obimma, Ogochukwu Sophia Mbamalu, Fankou Serges Athanase Djobissie. Protective roles of Vigna subterranea (Bambara nut) in rats with aspirin-induced gastric mucosal injury. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2018, 16(5): 342-349.
[8] Shohini Chakraborty, Nashra Afaq, Neelam Singh, Sukanta Majumdar. Antimicrobial activity of Cannabis sativa, Thuja orientalis and Psidium guajava leaf extracts against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2018, 16(5): 350-357.
[9] Bruno José Martins Da Silva, Amanda Anastácia Pinto Hage, Edilene Oliveira Silva, Ana Paula Drummond Rodrigues. Medicinal plants from the Brazilian Amazonian region and their antileishmanial activity: A review. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2018, 16(4): 211-222.
[10] Lucky Legbosi Nwidu, Raphael Ellis Teme. Hot aqueous leaf extract of Lasianthera africana (Icacinaceae) attenuates rifampicin-isoniazid-induced hepatotoxicity. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2018, 16(4): 263-272.
[11] Musa Toyin Yakubu, Abdulquadri Funmbi Olutoye. Aphrodisiac activity of aqueous extract of Anthonotha macrophylla P. Beauv. leaves in female Wistar rats. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2016, 14(5): 400-408.
[12] Nisha Panth, Keshav Raj Paudel, Rajendra Karki. Phytochemical profile and biological activity of Juglans regia. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2016, 14(5): 359-373.
[13] JiaXia, Li-qunHe, XiaoSu. Interventional mechanisms of herbs or herbal extracts on renal interstitial fibrosis. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2016, 14(3): 165-173.
[14] Santu Kumar Saha, Sourav Roy, Anisur Rahman Khuda-Bukhsh. Ultra-highly diluted plant extracts of Hydrastis canadensis and Marsdenia condurango induce epigenetic modifications and alter gene expression profiles in HeLa cells in vitro. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2015, 13(6): 400-411.
[15] Wei Chiang Chan Eric, Kuin Wong Siu. Phytochemistry and pharmacology of ornamental gingers, Hedychium coronarium and Alpinia purpurata: A review. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2015, 13(6): 368-379.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
[1] Jin-rong Fu. Establishment of multivariate diagnosis and treatment system of modern gynecology of traditional Chinese medicine. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2008, 6(1): 22-24
[2] Hao Li, Ming-jiang Yao, Wen-ming Zhao, Jie Guan, Lin-lin Cai, Ling Cui. A randomized, controlled, double-blind trial of Huannao Yicong capsule in senile patients with mild cognitive impairment. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2008, 6(1): 25-31
[3] Zhi-chun Jin. Problems in establishing clinical guideline for integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2008, 6(1): 5-8
[4] SUN Ming-yu, ZUO Jian, DUAN Ji-feng, HAN Jun, FAN Shi-ming, ZHANG Wei, ZHU Li-fang, YAO Ming-hui. Antitumor activities of kushen flavonoids in vivo and in vitro. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2008, 6(1): 51-59
[5] Min Cheng, Qiong Feng, Shu-wen Qian, Hui Gao, Cui-qing Zhu. Preliminary assay of p-amyloid binding elements in heart-beneficial recipe. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2008, 6(1): 68-72
[6] Ning-qun Wang, Liang-duo Jiang, Zong-xing Li. Research progress in asthma-related quality of life. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2008, 6(1): 93-97
[7] Jing-yuan Mao, Chang-xiao Liu, Heng-he Wang, Guang-li Wei , Zhen-peng Zhang, Jie Xing, Wang Xian liang , Ying-fei Bi . Effects of Shenmai Injection on serum concentration and pharmacokinetics of digoxin in dogs with heart failure. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2010, 8(11): 1070-1074
[8] Zhi-mei Wang, Bin Zhang. A study on translation of ellipses in Huangdi Neijing from perspective of hermeneutic theory. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2010, 8(11): 1097-1100
[9] Gui Yu, Jie Wang. Thinking on building the network cardiovasology of Chinese medicine. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(11): 1206-1210
[10] Pedro Saganha João, Doenitz Christoph, Greten Tobias, Efferth Thomas, J. Greten Henry. Qigong therapy for physiotherapists suffering from burnout: a preliminary study. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(11): 1233-1239
Journal of Integrative Medicine, ISSN: 2095-4964 CN 31-2083/R
Copyright © Journal of Integrative Medicine
Powered by Beijing Magtech Co. Ltd
沪公网安备31010602003416号      沪ICP备18017633号-3