Figure 1

Effects of BKT administration on egg number in uterus, brood size and generation time in wild-type N2 nematodes Exposures were performed for 2 h on L4-larva stage nematodes with 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of examined BKT diluted with M9 buffer. At least 20 replicates were performed for assay of egg number in uterus, brood size and generation time for statistical purposes. One-way ANOVA followed by a Dunnett's t test was used to determine the significance of the differences between the groups. Data are expressed as x±s, n=30."

Figure 2

Retrieval effects of BKT administration on egg number in uterus, brood size and generation time in UV-irradiated wild-type N2 nematodes Approximately 30 L2-stage larvae were irradiated on NGM plates without food at 20 J/(m2·min). All UV irradiation assays were performed at 20 ℃, and afterwards further maintained at 20 ℃. Exposures were performed for 2 h on L4-larva stage nematodes with 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of examined BKT diluted with M9 buffer. All assays were replicated more than three times. Data are expressed as x±s, n=30. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, vs control group; △P<0.05, △△P<0.01, vs UV group."

Figure 3

Retrieval effects of BKT administration on egg number in uterus, brood size and generation time in heat-shock treated wild-type N2 nematodes HS, heat-shock. Approximately 30 L2-stage larvae grown on 20 ℃ were heat stressed for 2 h at 36 ℃ and afterwards further maintained at 20 ℃. Exposures were performed for 2 h on L4-larva stage nematodes with 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of examined BKT. All assays were replicated more than three times. Data are expressed as x±s, n=30. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, vs control group; ▲P<0.05, ▲▲P<0.01, vs HS group."

Figure 4

Retrieval effects of BKT administration on egg number in uterus, brood size and generation time in paraquat-treated wild-type N2 nematodes Approximately 30 L2-stage larvae were treated with 2 mmol/L paraquat solution for 2 h and survival at 20 ℃. Exposures were performed for 2 h on L4-larva stage nematodes with 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of examined BKT diluted with M9 buffer. All assays were replicated more than three times. Data are expressed as x±s, n=30. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, vs control group; □P<0.05, □□P<0.01, vs paraquat group."

Figure 5

Effects of BKT administration on CAT and SOD activities of UV-irradiated, heat-shock- and paraquat-treated wild-type N2 nematodes HS, heat-shock. Approximately 30 L2-stage larvae were irradiated on NGM plates without food at 20 J/(m2·min) at 20 ℃, or heat stressed for 2 h at 36 ℃, or treated with 2 mmol/L paraquat solution for 2 h and survival at 20 ℃. Exposures were performed for 2 h on L4-larva stage nematodes with 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of examined BKT diluted with M9 buffer. All assays were replicated more than three times. Data are expressed as x±s, n=30. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, vs control group; △P<0.05, △△P<0.01, vs UV group; ▲P<0.05, ▲▲P<0.01, vs HS group; □P<0.05, □□P<0.01, vs paraquat group."

Figure 6

Administration of BKT could retrieve the defects of egg number in uterus, brood size and generation time in mev-1 mutant nematodes N2, wild-type N2 nematodes. Exposures were performed for 2 h on L4-larva stage nematodes with 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of examined BKT diluted with M9 buffer. All assays were replicated more than three times. Data are expressed as x±s, n=30. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, vs control group; ■P<0.05, ■■P<0.01, vs mev-1 group."