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Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine ›› 2009, Vol. 7 ›› Issue (7): 629-635.doi: 10.3736/jcim20090706

• Original Clinical Research • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Serum proteomes of hypertension patients with abundant phlegm-dampness

Yu-guang Chua,Jie Shia,Yuan-hui Hua,Hua-qin Wua,Gui-jian Liub,Chao-jun Huc,Yong-zhe Lic,Yi Lia, Zi-jing Chena,Qing Hea   

  1. a Department of Cardiology,Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China;
    b Clinical Laboratory, Guang’anmen Hospital,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100053,China;
    c Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &• Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China;
  • Received:2009-02-14 Accepted:2009-04-14 Online:2009-07-20 Published:2009-07-15
  • Contact: Yuan-hui Hu E-mail:huiyuhui@yahoo.com.cn

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Objective

To study the serum proteomes of essential hypertension (EH) patients with abundant phlegm-dampness, and try to find special proteins associated with abundant phlegm-dampness syndrome.

Methods

Fifty-nine hypertension patients were included, and the patients were divided into abundant phlegm-dampness syndrome group (39 cases) and non-phlegm-dampness syndrome group (20 cases). To find the special proteins associated with abundant phlegm-dampness, the EH patients with non-phlegm-dampness and another 30 healthy persons were regarded as control. Weak cation nano-magnetic beads were used to capture proteins in serum, and proteomic fingerprint was made by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). All the proteomic fingerprints were analyzed by Biomarker Wizard 3.1 Software. Then Biomarker Patterns Software (BPS) 5.0 was used to identify the differentiated proteins, which could induce phlegm-dampness.
Results

There were 102 differentiated protein peaks between abundant phlegm-dampness and the control group. The best markers of abundant phlegm-dampness were protein peaks with the mass to charge ratio (m/z) of 9 334.958 m/z (the expression increased), 9 280.191 m/z (the expression decreased), 8 030.794 m/z (the expression increased), and 2 941.551 m/z (the expression increased). These four protein peaks found by BPS could induce abundant phlegm-dampness. They could be used to separate the abundant phlegm-dampness syndrome from the healthy persons and the hypertension patients with non-phlegm-dampness. The sensitivity of the model was 93.103% (27/29), specificity was 92% (23/25), false positive rate was 8% (2/25), false negative rate was 6.897% (2/29) and Youden's index was 85.103%. Blind test data indicated a sensitivity of 90% (9/10) and a specificity of 88% (22/25), and the false positive rate was 12% (3/25), false negative rate was 10% (1/10), and Youden's index was 78%.
Conclusion

The differentiated proteins between the abundant phlegm-dampness group and the control group are the material foundation of abundant phlegm-dampness. The selected differentiated proteins can be used to distinguish the EH patients with abundant phlegm-dampness from the healthy persons and the EH patients with non-phlegm-dampness. The molecular biology diagnosis model can offer an objective and accurate way for TCM syndrome differentiation.

Key words: Proteome, Molecular biology, Hypertension, Phlegm-dampness

"

Group n Male/Female
(Cases)		 Age (Years) Average age
($\bar{x}$±s, years)		 Modeling (Cases) Blind text (Cases)
Normal 30 15/15 20-56 49.91±10.26 15 15
Non-abundant phlegm-dampness 20 21/18 16-59 52.35±11.22 10 10
Abundant phlegm-dampness 39 11/9 19-59 50.68±10.05 29 10

"

m/z m/z m/z m/z m/z m/z m/z m/z
2 006.818* 3 887.151* 4 497.380 5 214.152 5 807.037 6 829.344 7 813.754 9 495.915
2 018.805* 3 936.318 4 533.016 5 246.498 5 846.632 6 846.526 7 828.585 10 179.280
2 238.140* 3 957.645 4 647.887 5 340.609* 6 198.601 6 969.257 8 030.794* 11 078.130*
2 546.051 3 974.755 4 752.432 5 475.257* 6 298.461 7 000.946 8 277.397 11 369.050
2 761.555 3 989.617 4 763.711 5 519.908 6 311.630 7 052.607 8 337.660 11 478.980
2 871.509 4 071.080 4 791.812 5 539.739 6 355.350 7 080.104 8 599.531 12 096.720
2 941.551* 4 092.452 4 886.402* 5 555.771 6 379.086* 7 144.659* 8 819.858 12 543.330
3 089.231 4 155.501 4 963.829 5 586.006 6 426.604 7 206.562* 8 853.621 12 646.800
3 161.262 4 175.258 4 992.906 5 634.816 6 475.907 7 255.409 8 922.654 16 710.000
3 292.019 4 301.903* 5 023.282 5 701.429* 6 503.667 7 410.660 9 051.455 18 016.100
3 687.000 4 382.989* 5 063.736 5 730.362* 6 581.261 7 477.221 9 130.553 18 517.140*
3 817.091 4 442.688* 5 098.803 5 748.292 6 624.362 7 636.356 9 280.191 21 641.550
3 829.682 4 473.557 5 132.748 6 810.002 7 762.536 9 334.958*

Figure 1

Mass spectrum of modeling protein peaksThe left stands for abundant phlegm-dampness group, and the right stands for control group."

Figure 2

Diagnostic decision tree model of abundant phlegm-dampness"

Figure 3

ROC curve of diagnosis model of abundant phlegm-dampness"

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