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Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine ›› 2011, Vol. 9 ›› Issue (3): 320-327.doi: 10.3736/jcim20110314

• Original Experimental Research • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Anticancer potentials of root extract of Polygala senega against benzo[a]pyrene-induced lung cancer in mice

Saili Paul1, Soumya Sundar Bhattacharyya1, Asmita Samaddar1, Naoual Boujedaini2, Anisur Rahman Khuda-Bukhsh1()   

  1. 1. Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, India
    2. Boiron Laboratory, 20, rue de la Liberation, Sainte-Les-Foy-Lyon, France
  • Received:2010-08-25 Accepted:2010-11-11 Online:2011-03-20 Published:2011-03-15

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Objective: To evaluate anticancer potentials of Polygala senega on lung cancer induced by benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) in mice.
Methods: Swiss albino mice were divided into five groups with each containing six animals. Group 1 served as control, and the animals received olive oil as vehicle. Group 2 animals were treated with B[a]P (50 mg/kg body weight dissolved in olive oil) orally twice a week for four consecutive weeks. Group 3 animals were fed B[a]P as in group 2 and 48% alcohol (since the vehicle of the remedy was alcohol). Group 4 animals were B[a]P-intoxicated mice (as in group 2) which were additionally fed ethanolic extract of Polygala senega (EEPS) daily for 16 weeks. EEPS treatment started after the first dose of B[a]P. Group 5 animals were treated with EEPS alone for 16 weeks to test cytotoxicity of EEPS if any. Mice were sacrificed after 16 weeks and the following parameters were assessed: the anti-oxidant activity measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical assay, tumor incidence, lung weight and body weight, DNA damage evaluation by comet assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); toxicity biomarkers like catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and total thiol content were also detected.
Results: Treatment with EEPS increased the final body weight and significantly decreased the lung weight in group 4 mice (P<0.01) compared with group 3 mice. Comet assay showed that EEPS-treated mice in group 4 presented a decrease of DNA damage significantly (P<0.01) in lung tissues. There was a significant increase observed in the level of p53 in group 4 as compared with group 3 (P<0.01) detected by ELISA. A highly significant increase in tissue LPO with concomitant decrease in the activity of anti-oxidants was observed in group 2 and group 3 mice (P<0.05) compared with the control mice. These adverse changes were reversed significantly in group 4 mice (P<0.01).
Conclusion: Chemopreventive potentials of Polygala senega against chemically induced lung cancer in mice are confirmed.

Key words: Polygala senega, benzo[a]pyrene, lung neoplasms, antineoplastic agents, phytogenic, mice

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Figure 1

Gross morphology of the lungs of mice in different groups A: Control (olive oil); B: B[a]P+olive oil; C: B[a]P+olive oil+alcohol; D: B[a]P+olive oil+EEPS; E: EEPS. B[a]P: benzo[a]pyrene; EEPS: ethanolic extract of Polygala senega."

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Figure 2

Histological sections (hematoxylin-eosin staining) of lung tissues of mice in different groups (Light microscopy, ×100) A: Control (olive oil); B: B[a]P+olive oil; C: B[a]P+olive oil+alcohol; D: B[a]P+olive oil+EEPS; E: EEPS. B[a]P: benzo[a]pyrene; EEPS: ethanolic extract of Polygala senega."

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Figure 3

Effects of EEPS on oxidative DNA damage in mice in different groups (Light microscopy, ×100) A: Control (olive oil); B: B[a]P+olive oil; C: B[a]P+olive oil+alcohol; D: B[a]P+olive oil+EEPS; E: EEPS. B[a]P: benzo[a]pyrene; EEPS: ethanolic extract of Polygala senega."

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