SUBSCRIBE
Search JIM Advanced Search

Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine ›› 2008, Vol. 6 ›› Issue (7): 690-694.doi: 10.3736/jcim20080706

• Original Clinical Research • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Laws of syndrome element combination in stable angina pectoris: a study based on cluster analysis and corresponding-correlation analysis

Jie Wang, Qing-yong He()   

  1. Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
  • Received:2007-12-25 Online:2008-07-20 Published:2008-07-15
  • Contact: HE Qing-yong E-mail:heqingyongg@sohu.com

RichHTML

1

PDF (PC)

64

Like

Objective: To study the classification of common symptoms and the laws of syndrome element combination in 251 cases of stable angina pectoris (SAP) by using cluster analysis and corresponding-correlation analysis.
Methods: A total of 251 SAP cases were selected and their information from four diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine was recorded. The classification of common symptom and the laws of syndrome element combination were investigated by cluster analysis and corresponding-correlation analysis.
Results: Twenty-five symptoms found in 251 SAP cases were divided into four types by cluster analysis: deficiency of heart qi, deficiency of spleen qi, deficiency of qi and yin, and phlegm accumulation and blood stasis. The deficiency of heart qi had the closest relation to phlegm accumulation and blood stasis. By corresponding-correlation analysis, the deficiency of qi had the closest relation to blood stasis, next was turbid phlegm and heat stagnation, and then deficiency of qi and deficiency of yin.
Conclusion: Blood stasis due to deficient qi is the key factor in pathogenesis of SAP. Deficiency of qi plus blood stasis, deficiency of qi plus deficiency of yin, blood stasis plus turbid phlegm, deficiency of heart qi plus blood stasis plus turbid phlegm are common syndrome element combinations of SAP. It is proved that cluster analysis and corresponding-correlation analysis are the proper methods for studying laws of syndrome element combination.

Key words: cluster analysis, corresponding-correlation analysis, angina pectoris, symptom complex

CLC Number: 

  • R541.42

Table 1

Relationship between syndrome and syndrome (correlation coefficient)"

Syndrome Deficiency
of heart qi		 Deficiency
of spleen qi		 Deficiency
of qi and yin		 Phlegm accumulation
and blood stasis
Deficiency of heart qi 1.000 00 0.122 56 0.282 81 0.300 35
Deficiency of spleen qi 0.122 56 1.000 00 0.116 97 0.051 42
Deficiency of qi and yin 0.282 81 0.116 97 1.000 00 0.154 03
Phlegm accumulation and blood stasis 0.300 35 0.051 42 0.154 03 1.000 00

Table 2

A corresponding frequency distribution between syndrome element and syndrome element"

Syndrome element Qi stagnation Blood stasis Turbid phlegm Heat stagnation Qi deficiency Yin deficiency Yang deficiency
Qi stagnation 42 38 10 10 14 12 3
Blood stasis 38 164 45 34 126 47 26
Turbid phlegm 10 45 68 19 41 14 14
Heat stagnation 10 34 19 40 23 9 8
Qi deficiency 14 126 41 23 159 62 24
Yin deficiency 12 47 14 9 62 91 16
Yang deficiency 3 26 14 8 24 16 39

Table 3

Correlation distance between syndrome element and syndrome element"

Syndrome element Qi stagnation Blood stasis Turbid phlegm Heat stagnation Qi deficiency Yin deficiency Yang deficiency
Qi stagnation 0.000 00 0.855 45 1.183 15 0.944 92 1.124 72 1.524 39 1.487 34
Blood stasis 0.855 45 0.000 00 0.538 36 0.498 18 0.258 60 0.624 98 0.641 42
Turbid phlegm 1.183 15 0.538 36 0.000 00 0.271 46 0.626 29 1.059 84 0.540 85
Heat stagnation 0.944 92 0.498 18 0.271 46 0.000 00 0.686 59 1.107 95 0.768 22
Qi deficiency 1.124 72 0.258 60 0.626 29 0.686 59 0.000 00 0.434 52 0.487 72
Yin deficiency 1.524 39 0.624 98 1.059 84 1.107 95 0.434 52 0.000 00 0.792 38
Yang deficiency 1.487 34 0.641 42 0.540 85 0.768 22 0.487 72 0.792 38 0.000 00

Figure 1

Public load factors between syndrome element and syndrome element"

[1] Ye RG, Lu ZY. Internal medicine(6th ed)[M]. Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House, 2006,( 6th ed):273
叶任高, 陆再英 .内科学 ( 第6版)[M]. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2006,( 第6版):273
[2] Gibbons RJ, Abrams J, Chatterjee K , et al. ACC/AHA 2002 guideline update for the management of patients with chronic stable angina--summary article: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines(Committee on the Management of Patients With Chronic Stable Angina)[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2003,41(1):159-168
[3] Speciality Committee of Activating Blood and Removing Stasis of Research Association of Integrative Medicine in China.Diagnostic criteria of blood-stasis syndrome[J].Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi, 1987, 7(3):Cover 2
中国中西医结合研究会活血化瘀研究专业委员会 .血瘀证诊断标准[J].中西医结合杂志, 1987, 7(3):封2
[4] Shen ZY . Standards of Chinese medical syndrome differentiation for deficient syndrome[J]. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi, 1989,9(2):11
沈自尹 . 中医虚证辨证参考标准[J]. 中西医结合杂志, 1989,9(2):11
[5] State Administration of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Chinese Traditional Medicine Standard of the People's Republic of China Specification. Diagnostic and therapeutic effect evaluation criteria for diseases and syndromes of traditional Chinese medicine[M]. Nanjing: Nanjing University press,1994: 18
国家中医药管理局中华人民共和国中医药行业标准. 中医病证诊断疗效标准[M]. 南京: 南京大学出版社,1994: 18
[6] Hu LS, Zhou Q. Clinical research design of traditional Chinese medicine and SAS programming statistic[M]. Beijing: Academy Press,2004: 45, 68
胡立胜, 周强 . 中医临床研究设计与SAS编程统计分析[M]. 北京: 学苑出版社,2004: 45, 68
[7] Li L, Li XD, Song JN , et al. Applying matching matrix, factor analysis and clustering analysis to investigation of characteristics of syndromes of phlegm and blood stasis in patients with coronary heart disease[J]. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Xue Bao, 2006,4(4):343-347
李林, 李晓冬, 宋剑南 , 等. 应用匹配矩阵、因子分析和聚类分析法研究冠心病痰瘀证候特征[J]. 中西医结合学报, 2006,4(4):343-347
[8] Xing YW, Wang J, Zhong JB , et al. Study on rule of syndrome combination of 1 069 cases of angina pectoris by cluster analysis and corresponding-correlation analysis[J]. Zhonghua Zhong Yi Yao Za Zhi, 2007,22(11):747-750
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1727.2007.11.002
邢雁伟, 王阶, 衷敬柏 , 等. 采用聚类分析和对应相关方法研究1 069例冠心病心绞痛证候应证组合规律[J]. 中华中医药杂志, 2007,22(11):747-750
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1727.2007.11.002
[9] Fan YP . Experience of Prof. Wang Mianzhi in treating coronary heart disease[J]. Zhong Yi Jiao Yu, 1997,16(1):38-39, 42
樊永平 . 王绵之教授治疗冠心病的经验[J]. 中医教育, 1997,16(1):38-39, 42
[10] Zhao YY, Lin XZ, Zhang MZ , et al. Prof. Deng Tietao's experience of treating coronary heart disease by the theory of the correlation between heart and spleen[J]. Xin Zhong Yi, 2007,39(4):5-6
赵益业, 林晓忠, 张敏州 , 等. 邓铁涛教授以心脾相关学说诊治冠心病经验介绍[J]. 新中医, 2007,39(4):5-6
[11] Wang J . Clinical observation of Shugan Tongyu Decoction in treating patients with stable angina pectoris[J]. Zhong Cheng Yao, 2005,27(1):120-121
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1528.2005.01.042
王进 . 疏肝通瘀汤治疗冠心病稳定型心绞痛临床观察[J]. 中成药, 2005,27(1):120-121
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1528.2005.01.042
[1] Qi-sheng Tang, Wen-jun Sun, Miao Qu, Dong-fang Guo. Analysis of syndrome discipline of generalized anxiety disorder using data mining techniques. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(9): 975-982.
[2] Lu Liu, Ying Gao. Study on the correlation between traditional Chinese medicine syndrome and short-term prognosis of ischemic stroke using logistic regression model and repeated-measures analysis of variance. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(9): 983-990.
[3] Ying-fei Bi , Jing-yuan Mao , Xian-liang Wang , Ya-zhu Hou , Yi-zhu Lu , Shan Bin Soh , Bo-li Zhang. Clinical epidemiology survey of the traditional Chinese medicine etiology and syndrome differentiation of coronary artery disease: Study protocol of a multicenter trial. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(6): 619-627.
[4] Yu Zhao, Jing-hua Peng , Xue-mei Li , Qi-lin Fu, Tuan Cui , Qi Li, Ya-jun Tang , Qin Feng , Hua Zhang , Hua Zhou , Yi-yang Hu. Diagnostic value of clinical indices in syndrome differentiation of chronic hepatitis B: an exploration based on receiver operating characteristic curves and stepwise discriminant analysis. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(12): 1382-1387.
[5] Dong-tao Li, Jian Wang , Hong-yang Jiang , Feng-lei Shi , Fu-yu Li , Ji-hong Liu , Yong-mei Cheng , Nan Yan , Ai-hua Hu, Mei-zeng Zhang , Jie Li, Ling-bo Wei , Rong-qin Jiang. Quantitative evaluation of the degrees of traditional Chinese medicine qualitative syndromes of osteoporosis. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(11): 1254-1262.
[6] Gui-xiang Chu, Qing-guang Chen, Jia-tuo Xu , Bo Yu , Min Zhang , Long-tao Cui , Hong-jin Wu , Zhao-fu Fei. Analysis on pulse diagram characteristics of subjects with subhealth state. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(10): 1099-1105.
[7] Ng Cui-shan, Wang Shan-ping, Cheong Jun-long, Wu Yu-dan, Jia Yong-liang, Leung Siu-wai. Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing Chinese patent medicines Compound Danshen Dripping Pills and Di’ao Xinxuekang in treating angina pectoris. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(1): 25-34.
[8] Xing-jiang Xiong, Hai-xia Li . Experience on clinical application of Chinese herbal medicine Yi Guan Jian decoction. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2011, 9(8): 920-923.
[9] Ji Sun, Sheng-liang Zhu, Shu-ying Ma, Xiao-su Wang, Jing Kong. Clinical characteristics of patients with reflux esophagitis exhibiting gallbladder heat attacking the stomach or stagnant heat of the liver and stomach syndrome. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2011, 9(7): 732-736.
[10] Rui Jin, Bing Zhang, Chun-miao Xue, Sen-mao Liu, Qian Zhao, Kang Li. Classification of 365 Chinese medicines in Shennong's Materia Medica Classic based on a semi-supervised incremental clustering method. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2011, 9(6): 665-674.
[11] Tian-fang Wang, Xiao-lin Xue, Ya-jing Zhang, Ping Han, Zhen Li, Wen-ping Wang, Jian-min Xing, Qing-bo Wang, Yu Tang, Li Li, Jia-jia Wang, Guan-ru Li, Shao-liang Ji, Liu-xin Wu, Yan Zhao, Xiu-yan Wu, Run-shuan Zhao. Effects of Xiaopi Yishen herbal extract granules in treatment of fatigue-predominant subhealth due to liver-qi stagnation and spleen-qi deficiency: A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled and double-blind clinical trial. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2011, 9(5): 515-524.
[12] Wan-li Gu , Zai-xiang Shi, Yun-xu Yu, Yu-wei Wu, Bao-wei Lu, Ka-kit Hui . Distribution characteristics of syndrome types in essential hypertension. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2010, 8(9): 842-847.
[13] Kai Qu, Tian-fang Wang, Yan Zhao, Xiao-lin Xue, Xiu-yan Wu, Hua-liang Deng, Lu Yang, Li-liYu , Hong Yue, Qing-guo Wang. Common syndrome factors of traditional Chinese medicine in chronic renal failure based on the questionnaire investigation among experts. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2010, 8(12): 1147-1152.
[14] Chan Chen, Yong-mei Meng , Peng Zhang, Juan Wang, Hui-hui Zhao, Shu-zhen Guo , Wei Wang. Diagnosis and treatment rule of traditional Chinese medicine for syndrome factors of chronic congestive heart failure: a study based on Shannon entropy method. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2010, 8(11): 1080-1084.
[15] Le Kuai, Ru-feng Jin, Ming Gao, Hua-yuan Yang. Fuzzy cluster analysis of therapeutic effects of electro-acupuncture at different parameters. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2009, 7(5): 478-481.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
[1] Wei-xiong Liang. Problems-solving strategies in clinical treatment guideline for traditional Chinese medicine and integrative medicine. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2008, 6(1): 1-4
[2] Zhao-guo Li. Discussion on English translation of commonly used sentences in traditional Chinese medicine: part one. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2008, 6(1): 107-110
[3] Jun Hu, Jian-ping Liu. Non-invasive physical treatments for chronic/recurrent headache. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2008, 6(1): 31
[4] Xue-mei Liu, Qi-fu Huang, Yun-ling Zhang, Jin-li Lou, Hong-sheng Liu, Hong Zheng. Effects of Tribulus terrestris L. saponion on apoptosis of cortical neurons induced by hypoxia-reoxygenation in rats. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2008, 6(1): 45-50
[5] . Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals: Writing and editing for biomedical publication (Chinese version, part two). Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2010, 8(11): 1001-1005
[6] Daniel Weber, Janelle M Wheat, Geoffrey M Currie. Inflammation and cancer: Tumor initiation, progression and metastasis,and Chinese botanical medicines. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2010, 8(11): 1006-1013
[7] Hong Liu , Guo-liang Zhang, Li Shen , Zhen Zeng, Bao-luo Zhou, Cheng-hai Liu, Guang Nie . Application and evaluation of a pseudotyped virus assay for screening herbs for anti-H5Nl avian influenza virus. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2010, 8(11): 1036-1040
[8] Zhao-guo Li . A discussion of English translation of 1995 and 1997 Chinese National Standards of Traditional Chinese Medical Terminologies for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2010, 8(11): 1090-1096
[9] Rui Jin, Bing Zhang. A complexity analysis of Chinese herbal property theory: the multiple formations of herbal property (Part 1). Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(11): 1198-1205
[10] Hui-min Liu, Xian-bo Wang, Yu-juan Chang, Li-li Gu. Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of integrative medicine therapy for treatment of chronic severe hepatitis. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012, 10(11): 1211-1228
Journal of Integrative Medicine, ISSN: 2095-4964 CN 31-2083/R
Copyright © Journal of Integrative Medicine
Powered by Beijing Magtech Co. Ltd
沪公网安备31010602003416号      沪ICP备18017633号-3